PLTW CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE VOCAB

Abet - answer-The recognized accreditor for college and university programs in applied science, computing, engineering, and technology. Aesthetics - answer-The quality of an object that deals with art, beauty, and taste. AIA - answer-American Institute of Architecture Air Handling Unit (AHU) - answer-A device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. Allowable Strength - answer-Nominal strength divided by the safety factor. Arch - answer-A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial strength. Architect - answer-An individual trained in the art and science of designing and constructing buildings. ASCE - answer-The American Society of Civil Engineers The ___________ architectural style is a single story house that originated in the southwest United States - answer-Ranch An architect's chief role in developing a structure is __________. - answer-art and design A client survey that incorporates the design requests for a building is generated in an interview with the ___________. - answer-architect A design process that is used to represent room locations, spatial relationships and traffic flow within a building is referred to as ___________. - answer-bubble diagramming What method is used to link related ideas graphically as a means of developing a fuller definition of a person, a term, or an idea? - answer-Concept map A horizontal wood framing member that is placed at the top of windows, doors, and openings in walls is called a __________. - answer-Header Which of the following is commonly true for a road profile layout? - answer-Horizontal scale is greater than the vertical scale. When water stops flowing in a pipe, the pressure in the pipe ___________. - answer-increases Access to (and from) a roadway from (and to) a building is referred to as ____________. - answer-ingress abd egress Documentation for an architect that consists of sketches, working drawings, renderings and a list of previous clients is referred o as a(n) - answer-portfolio Which of the following is NOT a utility? - answer-Septic system Which site would generate the most runoff from a given rainfall? - answer-Sloping, clayey soil The designers of the Leaning Tower of Pisa did not intend the structure to lean. What did these civil engineers fail to properly account for? - answer-soil type An evaluation process that takes into account the factors that will influence and determine the successful implementation of a proposed project is referred to as _______________. - answer-viability analysis An empty lot in your town has been put up for sale. You are interested in purchasing this property and developing a site. By what means can the allowable use of property be determined? - answer-zoning laws An elevation is a(n) __________ drawing depicted one side of a building and is used to show information including building height and materials such as siding and roofing - answer-orthographic projection The _________ Act of 1990 provided clear guidelines for universal accessibility for the handicapped - answer-ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) The drawing that shows vertical relationships between structural materials and the construction method for a framing crew is called a (an) _______________ - answer-Section Drawing The American architect Frank Lloyd Wright is known for originating this style of architecture? - answer-Prairie An exterior elevation drawing of a structure shows _____________. - answer-Overall building height A floor plan is typically drawn to what scale? - answer-1/4" =1' A homebuyer wishes to build a house that will have many south facing windows. She would like to make sure these windows are not obstructed. What drawing should she consult? - answer-Site Plan The line on an electrical plan that goes from the switch to the lighting fixture is known as a _____________. - answer-Switch Leg On a section view of a residential exterior wall the structural member found above a door and window opening is referred to as a ______________. - answer-Heading A property owner prefers his building to be 65 degrees F inside when the outside temp is 35 degrees F. What is the heat loss through a wall that has no windows or doors, and that has a surface area or 160 ft^2 and an r-value of 23 (round answer to the nearest hundredth)? - answer-208.70 BTU/H ft^2 degrees F The structural component typically constructed from concrete that transfers the load of the structure to the soil is called a _____________. - answer-Footing The act made it necessary for property owners and architects to make public buildings accessible to individuals with disabilities - answer-ADA What is the formula Q= AU change(triangle) T used to calculate? - answer-Heat Loss/ Gain What type of engineer would be responsible for the sizing of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system? - answer-Mechanical Engineer What view would be used to show the interior detail of a building from the foundation up to the roof peak? - answer-Section What view would show how the roof level, floor level, and foundation level are connected together? - answer-Section at would the total heat gain be through a 500 ft^2 west wall with an r-value of 25ft^2 times degree F times h/Btu and a difference in temperature between the outside and inside of 20 degrees F? - answer-400 btu/hr What would the U-factor be of a material with an R-value of 10? - answer-0.10 Btu/h ft^2 F A window or door schedule table references the floor plan and assigns a letter or number to a door or window on the plan or elevation. This notation is called a(n) _____________. - answer-Tag ASD - answer-Allowable Strength Design Axial force - answer-a force that acts along the longitudinal axis of a structural member. Balance - answer-the pleasing or harmonious arrangement or proportion of parts or elements in a design or composition Ballast - answer-a heavy material installed over a roof membrane to prevent wind uplift and shield sunlight Baseline - answer-a parallel of latitude running through an arbitrary point chosen as the starting point for all sectionalized land within a given area Beam - answer-A structural member, usually horizontal, that carries a load that is applied transverse to its length Beam Analysis - answer-The use of physical laws and mathematics to compute internal forced, stresses, and deformations. Bearing walls - answer-solid walls that provide support for each other and for the roof of a structure Building code - answer-legal requirements designed to protect the public by providing guidelines for structural, electrical, plumbing, and mechanical areas of a structure. Building envelope - answer-the portion of a building that encloses the treated environment, including the walls, ceiling or roof, and floor built-up roof - answer-a roof membrane laminated from layers of asphalt-saturated felt or other fabric, bonded together with bitumen or pitch cast-in-place concrete - answer-concrete that is poured in its final location charrette - answer-an intensive workshop in which various stakeholders and experts are brought together to address a particular design issue circuit - answer-the various things found along the path of electrical flow from the source, through the components and back to the source circuit breaker - answer-an electrical safety switch that automatically opens a circuit when excessive amperage occurs civil engineer - answer-an engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large families column - answer-an upright structural member acting primarily in compression compression strength - answer-the maximum compressive stress a material can withstand without failure concrete - answer-a solid, hard material produced by combining portland cement, aggregates, sand, water and sometimes additional mixtures CMU - answer-concrete masonry unit. a block of hardened concrete, w or w/o holes, designed to be laid the same as bricks construction documents - answer-drawings, plans, specifications, etc. associated with a construction project continuous beam - answer-a single beam that is supported by more than two supports such that it has at least two distinct spans contrast - answer-a visual principal associated with change made in size, shape, color, or tone of graphic elements