APSC 151 Midterm Questions
And Answers
Geosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Physical things, includes rocks, landforms, Earth's interior
Hydrosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Water
Atmosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Air
Biosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Living things
Triple Bottom Line (3BL)
✓✓✓✓~ Considers economic, social, and environmental limitations
,Physical geology
✓✓✓✓~ Study of Earth materials and seeks to understand the processes that operate on
and beneath the surface
Historical geology
✓✓✓✓~ Study of the origin of Earth and its development through time
Engineering geology
✓✓✓✓~ Analysis of Earth history and processes and the impact on human activities
Relationships between people and the environment
✓✓✓✓~ Population growth, resources, natural hazards, waste management
Catastrophism
✓✓✓✓~ Shaping of the Earth's landscape by catastrophes
Uniformitarianism
✓✓✓✓~ If it is happening now then it happened in the past and vice versa (James Hutton)
,Big Bang Theory
✓✓✓✓~ Large explosion sent all matter in universe flying outward at incredible speeds then
they started clumping and forming things
When does Earth form
✓✓✓✓~ 4.6-4.3 billion years ago matters collects to form Earth
How does moon form
✓✓✓✓~ Forms from a collision of a space rock hitting Earth
Hadeon Eon
✓✓✓✓~ 4.3-3.8 billion years ago, unstable crust forms, iron pulled to core and lighter
elements go to surface, first life of RNA in membrane is 4 million years ago
Earth's internal structure from surface downwards
✓✓✓✓~ Crust, mantle, core
Types of body waves
, ✓✓✓✓~ Pressure and shear waves travel through Earth's interior
Pressure waves
✓✓✓✓~ Faster than shear waves and travel through all materials
Shear waves
✓✓✓✓~ Can only travel through solids and are slower
Surface waves
✓✓✓✓~ Strongest but also slowest and don't travel far
Rock cycle
✓✓✓✓~ Loop that changes rock from one type to another
Relative dating through crustal processes
✓✓✓✓~ Can determine relative dates of crust by comparing types of rock, erosion,
sedimentary rock, and faults
Radiometric dating
And Answers
Geosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Physical things, includes rocks, landforms, Earth's interior
Hydrosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Water
Atmosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Air
Biosphere
✓✓✓✓~ Living things
Triple Bottom Line (3BL)
✓✓✓✓~ Considers economic, social, and environmental limitations
,Physical geology
✓✓✓✓~ Study of Earth materials and seeks to understand the processes that operate on
and beneath the surface
Historical geology
✓✓✓✓~ Study of the origin of Earth and its development through time
Engineering geology
✓✓✓✓~ Analysis of Earth history and processes and the impact on human activities
Relationships between people and the environment
✓✓✓✓~ Population growth, resources, natural hazards, waste management
Catastrophism
✓✓✓✓~ Shaping of the Earth's landscape by catastrophes
Uniformitarianism
✓✓✓✓~ If it is happening now then it happened in the past and vice versa (James Hutton)
,Big Bang Theory
✓✓✓✓~ Large explosion sent all matter in universe flying outward at incredible speeds then
they started clumping and forming things
When does Earth form
✓✓✓✓~ 4.6-4.3 billion years ago matters collects to form Earth
How does moon form
✓✓✓✓~ Forms from a collision of a space rock hitting Earth
Hadeon Eon
✓✓✓✓~ 4.3-3.8 billion years ago, unstable crust forms, iron pulled to core and lighter
elements go to surface, first life of RNA in membrane is 4 million years ago
Earth's internal structure from surface downwards
✓✓✓✓~ Crust, mantle, core
Types of body waves
, ✓✓✓✓~ Pressure and shear waves travel through Earth's interior
Pressure waves
✓✓✓✓~ Faster than shear waves and travel through all materials
Shear waves
✓✓✓✓~ Can only travel through solids and are slower
Surface waves
✓✓✓✓~ Strongest but also slowest and don't travel far
Rock cycle
✓✓✓✓~ Loop that changes rock from one type to another
Relative dating through crustal processes
✓✓✓✓~ Can determine relative dates of crust by comparing types of rock, erosion,
sedimentary rock, and faults
Radiometric dating
