Biology genetics and heredity with complete answers
1. What is phenotype?
- Answer: Phenotype refers to observable traits of an organism, such as hair color, flower color, or
plant height.
2. What occurs during fertilization?
- Answer: Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell merges with an egg cell to form a zygote.
3. Define dominant allele.
- Answer: A dominant allele is one that masks the expression of another allele for a particular trait.
4. What is a recessive allele?
- Answer: A recessive allele is one that is concealed by the presence of a dominant allele for a specific
trait.
5. What does genetics study?
- Answer: Genetics is the branch of biology that explores how traits and characteristics are inherited
from parents to their offspring.
6. What is heredity?
- Answer: Heredity refers to the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring.
7. What is an allele?
- Answer: An allele is an alternative form of a gene, such as tall vs. short or brown vs. blue.
8. Define homozygous.
- Answer: An individual is described as homozygous when it possesses two identical alleles for a
specific trait.
, 9. What is a gene?
- Answer: A gene is a segment of a chromosome that is responsible for coding a particular trait.
10. What are homologous chromosomes?
- Answer: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and
genetic content.
11. What defines a heterozygous individual?
- Answer: A heterozygous individual has two different alleles for a given trait.
12. What is a genotype?
- Answer: The genotype is the genetic composition of an individual, represented by combinations such
as Rr, RR, or rr.
13. What does haploid mean?
- Answer: Haploid refers to a condition where an organism has one copy of each chromosome.
14. What is meiosis?
- Answer: Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that results in the production of haploid
gametes.
15. Define diploid.
- Answer: Diploid describes a state in which an organism has two copies of each chromosome.
16. What is a gamete?
- Answer: Gametes are the reproductive cells, specifically the sex cells involved in reproduction.
17. What is a polygenic trait?
- Answer: Polygenic traits are those controlled by multiple genes, examples include skin color, hair
color, and eye color.
1. What is phenotype?
- Answer: Phenotype refers to observable traits of an organism, such as hair color, flower color, or
plant height.
2. What occurs during fertilization?
- Answer: Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell merges with an egg cell to form a zygote.
3. Define dominant allele.
- Answer: A dominant allele is one that masks the expression of another allele for a particular trait.
4. What is a recessive allele?
- Answer: A recessive allele is one that is concealed by the presence of a dominant allele for a specific
trait.
5. What does genetics study?
- Answer: Genetics is the branch of biology that explores how traits and characteristics are inherited
from parents to their offspring.
6. What is heredity?
- Answer: Heredity refers to the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring.
7. What is an allele?
- Answer: An allele is an alternative form of a gene, such as tall vs. short or brown vs. blue.
8. Define homozygous.
- Answer: An individual is described as homozygous when it possesses two identical alleles for a
specific trait.
, 9. What is a gene?
- Answer: A gene is a segment of a chromosome that is responsible for coding a particular trait.
10. What are homologous chromosomes?
- Answer: Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and
genetic content.
11. What defines a heterozygous individual?
- Answer: A heterozygous individual has two different alleles for a given trait.
12. What is a genotype?
- Answer: The genotype is the genetic composition of an individual, represented by combinations such
as Rr, RR, or rr.
13. What does haploid mean?
- Answer: Haploid refers to a condition where an organism has one copy of each chromosome.
14. What is meiosis?
- Answer: Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that results in the production of haploid
gametes.
15. Define diploid.
- Answer: Diploid describes a state in which an organism has two copies of each chromosome.
16. What is a gamete?
- Answer: Gametes are the reproductive cells, specifically the sex cells involved in reproduction.
17. What is a polygenic trait?
- Answer: Polygenic traits are those controlled by multiple genes, examples include skin color, hair
color, and eye color.
