ISQS 2340: Exam 2 (100% correct and graded A+)

"An AI is only as good as ______________" - the data it has available "Artificial intelligence is a subfield of _____________________." - computer science A blockchain "is a cryptographic database maintained by a ____________________________." - network of computers, each of which stores a copy of the most up-to-date version At its very core, what does machine learning do? - allows machines to learn from data and mimic some of the things humans can do Blockchain "provides a simple, secure way to _____________________________." - establish trust for virtually any kind of transaction, helping simplify the movement of money, products, or sensitive information worldwide Define "acceptable use policy (AUP)" - what is/isn't allowed when someone is using an organization's services Define "copyright" - the protection given to songs, computer programs, books, and other creative works where the author of a work controls what can be done with their work Define "Creative Commons" - a nonprofit organization that provides legal tools for artists and authors (helps with licensing) Define "Do Not Track" - a technology and policy proposal that enables users to opt out of tracking by websites they do not visit (including analytics services, advertising networks, and social platforms) Define "fair use" - a limitation on copyright laws that allows for the use of protected works without prior authorization in specific casesDefine "intellectual property" - property (idea, invention, or process) that derives from the work of the mind or intellect Define "NORA" - non-obvious relationship awareness -process of collection large quantities of a variety of information and then combining it to create profiles of individuals Define "patent" - creates protection for someone who invents a new product or process Define "privacy" - ability to control information about oneself Define "trademark" - a word, phrase, logo, shape, or sound that identifies a source of goods or services Define digital signature - encrypted form of electronic ID Describe encryption - **asymmetric encryption systems** -provide a public key to convert plain text into encrypted text -require a private key to convert encrypted text back into plain text Differentiate between "data" and "AI-induced" biases - - "data" bias: information given to a system that has a coincidental trend but should have no effect on how the system should make further decisions (ex: prison sentences and race) - "AI-induced" bias: biases that can happen as a result of AI systems learning and changing over time (ex: widening the wealth disparity between low-income and middle-income neighborhoods based on loan approvals) Differentiate between "narrow AI" and "general AI" - - "narrow AI" : AI systems designed for specific tasks - "general AI" : the few systems designed for the ability to reason in generalGive a real-life example of "in-between" AI - IBM's Watson (system that gathers information and recognizes patterns as well as has the ability to weigh the evidence provided by matching said patterns) Give some real-life examples of "weak AI" - -IBM's Deep Blue (a system that was a master chess player but did not play the same way humans do) -voice response systems (Siri and Alexa) -recommender systems (Netflix, Amazon, etc.) How can blocks be won? - -proof of work (solving complex math problems) -proof of stake (random selection process) -others