Law 2221 Consent as a Defence to Nfoap

LAW2221
Criminal Law 2022-2023

CONSENT AS A DEFENCE TO NON-FATAL OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON
LECTURE OUTLINE
1. Express / Implied Consent
a. Express consent
b. Implied consent

2. Effective Consent
a. Capacity
b. Knowledge
c. Fraud
d. Duress

3. Recognised Categories of Exception
a. R v Brown [1994] AC 212
b. Categories of exception
i. Surgery
ii. Piercings, tattooing, hair cutting
iii. Religious flagellation
iv. Sports
v. Horseplay
vi. Sexually transmitted infections

REQUIRED READING

 John Child and David Ormerod, Smith, Hogan and Ormerod’s Essentials of Criminal
Law (4th edition, OUP, 2021), Ch 7, specifically 7.3 and 7.8
 R v Brown [1994] AC 212

ALTERNATIVE TEXTBOOKS

 Janet Loveless, Mischa Allen, and Caroline Derry, Complete Criminal Law (8th edn.,
OUP, 2022), Ch 8.6
 A P Simester et al, Simester and Sullivan’s Criminal Law – Theory and Doctrine (7th
edn., Hart Publishing, 2019), Ch 11.7 and 11.9
 David Ormerod and Karl Laird, Smith, Hogan, and Ormerod’s Criminal Law (15th
edn., OUP, 2018), Ch 16.2.1
FURTHER READING

 D. Bansal, ‘Bodily Modifications and the Criminal Law’ (2018) 82(6) Journal of
Criminal Law 496
 A. Beetham, ‘Body Modification: A Case of Modern Maiming?: R v BM [2018] EWCA
Crim 560; [2018] WLR (D) 187’ (2018) 82(3) Journal of Criminal Law 206
 S. Burris and E. Cameron, ‘The Case Against Criminalization of HIV Transmission’
(2008) 300 Journal of the American Medical Association 578
 S. Cowan, ‘Offences of Sex or Violence? Consent, Fraud, and HIV Transmission’
(2014) 17(1) New Criminal Law Review 135



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, LAW2221
Criminal Law 2022-2023

 S. Demetriou, ‘Not Giving Up the Fight: A Review of the Law Commission’s Scoping
Report on Non-fatal Offences Against the Person’ (2016) 80(3) Journal of Criminal
Law 188
 A.M. Eugenicos, ‘Should We Reform the Offences Against the Person Act 1861?’
(2017) 81(1) Journal of Criminal Law 26
 B. Livings, ‘A Different Ball Game’ (2007) 71 Journal of Criminal Law 534
 S. Pegg, ‘Not So Clear Cut: The Lawfulness of Body Modifications’ (2019) Criminal
Law Review 579
 P. Roberts, ‘The Philosophical Foundations of Consent in the Criminal Law’ (1997)
17 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 389-414
 S. Ryan, ‘Reckless Transmission of HIV: knowledge and culpability’ [2006] Criminal
Law Review 981
 M. Weait, ‘Criminal law and Sexual Transmission of HIV: R v Dica’ (2005) 68 Modern
Law Review 121
 M. Weait, ‘Knowledge, autonomy and consent: R v Konzani’ [2005] Criminal Law
Review 763




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