VA BC Section 3 2024 Exam Questions All Correctly Solved New Update

VA BC Section 3 2024 Exam Questions All Correctly Solved New Update What are causes of difficult catheter advancement? - Answer --Damage from previous surgical procedures/trauma -Repeated catheterizations -Large diameter catheter in small vein -Venospasm -tortuous veins -stenosis/DVT -Pacemaker -Defibrillator What are things to do to prevent difficult catheter advancement? - Answer --Ultrasound guidance -Review hx for previous procedures and trauma -Assess for anxiety (give meds or sedation) -Hydrate patient -Warm compresses/blankets to vasodilate -Select proper Fr size for vein Risks with difficult catheter advancement: - Answer -Aggressive attempts to advance catheter can cause trauma/potential vessel perforation in the vein pathway Treatment for difficult catheter advancement: - Answer -Pull catheter back slightly and redirect Adjust arm position or sit pt up in high fowlers Have pt cough or turn head To whom do you referred for difficult catheter placement? - Answer -Interventional radiology Collection of air in the pleural cavity between the lung and chest wall is called? - Answer -Pneumothorax What are causes of pneumothorax during CVAD placement ? - Answer -Inadvertent puncture of the lung wall, into the subclavian vein. What lung structure lies just below the subclavian Vein? - Answer -Apex of the lung Prevention of pneumothorax in placement of CVAD? - Answer -Access axillary vein along outside border of the first rib beyond apex of lung Use ultrasound guidance for all insertions What are symptoms of pneumothorax? - Answer -chest pain shortness of breath hypoxemia tachycardia asymptomatic What is the treatment for a pneumothorax? - Answer -Small pneumothorax may resolve without treatment. Large pneumothorax may require needle aspiration or chest tube observation of 24-48 hrs, monitor closely If pneumothorax is suspected, what test should be ordered? - Answer -CXR What is a hemothorax? - Answer -Collection of blood in the pleural cavity between the lung and chest wall What are causes of hemothorax? - Answer -Trauma Erosion of vessel wall What are ways to prevention a hemothorax? - Answer -Ultrasound guidance Avoid forceful insertion of dilator/sheath and catheter What are symptoms of hemothorax? - Answer -Dyspnea (labored breathing) Tachypnea (shallow rapid breathing) chest pain hypotension tachycardia restlessness anxiety What test should be ordered for hemothorax? - Answer -CXR or CT to determine extent What is the treatment for hemothorax? - Answer -Needle aspiration and/or chest tube placement to remove blood and/or air Monitor closely If vein is perforated, repair vein and transfer patient to higher level of care What is an air embolus? - Answer -Air entering into a blood vessel or heart