FNP Board Review Questions with Best Solutions Guaranteed Pass A+

FNP Board Review Questions with Best Solutions Guaranteed Pass A+ "Rescue" or "Reliever" Medicine for Acute Asthma Exacerbations - Answer Administration of a rapid onset beta2-agonist, either short-acting beta2-agonists (SABA) (e.g., albuterol, levalbuterol) or long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) (e.g., formoterol), for acute exacerbations. Under the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) of 2020, the preferred reliever is LABA in combination with ICS (e.g., budesonideformoterol). SABAs in metered dose inhaler (MDI), MDI with spacer, or by nebulizer: Albuterol (Ventolin HFA) or pirbuterol (Maxair), two inhalations every 4 to 6 hours as needed Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA), two inhalations every 4 to 6 hours as needed; less likely to cause cardiac stimulation (fewer palpitations, less tachycardia) Quick onset (15-30 minutes) and lasts about 4 to 6 hours Used for quick relief (of wheezing) but does not treat underlying inflammation With nebulizer, give up to three treatments every 20 minutes as needed; short course of oral corticosteroids may be needed for exacerbations (Medrol Dose Pack) Used for treatment of exercise-induced asthma Inhaled glucocorticoid-formoterol: Usual dose of budesonide-formoterol is one to two inhalations, which can be repeated every 20 minutes for 1 hour. 2 years - Answer Walks. Runs. Climbs stairs up and down on own by holding onto handrails. Speech mostly understood by family. Follows two- or three-step instructions. Copies a line. Adnormal: Unable to speak meaningful two-word "sentences." Does not understand simple commands. Loss of speech, social skills, or previously learned behaviors and/or does not say words by 16 months (autism). 3 years - Answer Speaks three- to five-word sentences; understood by strangers. Copies a circle with crayon or pencil. Rides tricycle. Builds towers of more than six blocks. Runs and climbs easily. Abnormal: Speech hard to understand or unclear speech. Unable to understand simple commands. Falls down often. Does not speak in sentences. No eye contact. Loses skills they once had. 4 years - Answer Copies a cross with crayon or pencil. Draws person with three body parts. Plays "Mom" and "Dad." Hops and stands on one foot up to 2 seconds. Cooperates with other children. Names some colors and some numbers. abnormal: Unable to speak in full sentences. Inability to skip, run, hop. Cannot put on clothes without help. Unable to play with other kids. Unable to follow three-part commands. 5 years - Answer Can draw a person with six body parts. Counts 10 or more things. Is aware of gender. Speaks clearly.