Chemistry- Energy

Chemistry- Energy Energy Energy is the ability to do work, or the force that moves an object in the direction of the force. There are various forms of energy, including chemical, thermal, electromagnetic, heat, mechanical, and nuclear. Chemical Energy Chemical energy is released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. This energy can be transferred from one substance to another through chemical reactions, such as combustion or oxidation. Electrical Energy Electrical energy is the flow of electrons, or moving electrons. It is a form of energy that is often used to power devices and machines. Forms of Energy There are two main types of energy: potential energy and kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy found in objects at rest, while kinetic energy is the energy associated with motion. Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is released when a nucleus breaks up into smaller nuclei or when smaller nuclei unite to form a larger nucleus. This process involves the conversion of mass into energy, as described by Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2. Thermodynamics Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules. The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy the molecules have. The lower the temperature, the less kinetic energy they have. Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is any process that rearranges the atoms of one or more substances to form a new substance. Chemical reactions can release or absorb energy, depending on whether they are exothermic or endothermic. Heat Transfer Heat transfer occurs when there is a temperature difference between two systems. In a laboratory setting, heat flows from a hotter substance to a cooler substance until they reach thermal equilibrium. Measuring Energy Energy is typically measured in joules (1 kilojoule = 1,000 joules). The boiling point and freezing point of water are fixed points on a thermometer and are used as reference points for temperature measurements. What term is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter? ️Temperature Ice (solid) -> water (liquid) -> vapor (gas). This is what type of process? ️An endothermic process (heat is taken in) Energy is measured in what? ️Joules An increase in temperature is an increase in which type of energy? ️Kinetic Solids have the most/least amount of energy? ️Least Heat of what is the amount of heat needed to change the solid (ice) to a liquid (water) at constant temperature. ️Fusion How many Joules per gram does Heat of Fusion use? ️334 J/g How many joules per gram does Heat of Vaporization use? ️2260 J/g What is the formula for Heat of Fusion? ️q=mHf What is the formula for Heat of Vaporization? ️q=mHv Heat of what is the amount of heat needed to change liquid into water vapor at a constant temperature. ️Vaporization In a solid, the particles are very what together, therefore the distance between the particles or molecules (intermolecular distance) is very small ️Very close together In a liquid, the particles are very what together and the intermolecular distance is very small. ️Very close together In a gas, the particles are what, therefore, intermolecular distance is very large. ️A