MIC 130 Exam #1 Questions and Answers 2024 Graded A

What is infectious disease surveillance? - Ongoing collection, analysis, and interpretation of infectious disease-related data coordinated with the timely dissemination of data to those responsible for preventing and controlling the data. Why do surveillance for infectious disease? - - detecting outbreaks - helps evaluate effectiveness of control measures What is involved for infectious disease surveillance? - - the patient - physician - hospital/clinic - county health department - state health department - centers for disease control and prevention in the USA - World Health Organization What are the two main types of surveillance? - Passive: routine reporting by diagnostic labs to surveillance organizations -Case reports go to state, federal health agencies -fairly inexpensive, covers large areas -provides critical information for monitoring disease frequency and trends -requires a decent health care infrastructure Active:Is done when an outbreak is in progress. - higher level public health agencies (county, state, federal) contact clinics for information about specific diseases -provides information rapidly, but is labor intensive and expensive What is syndromic surveillance? Purpose? - A new type of passive surveillance. Surveillance for health-related data that may precede reporting of diagnosed cases - non-clinical data may be used - data may be just as accurate as traditional surveillance methods The purpose is a more rapid detection of an outbreak/bioterror event. Can also monitor progression of a disease outbreak. What is Global surveillance? - WHO - provides a legal framework to require all countries to detect and contain infectious disease outbreaks - global rules to enhance global public health security - has guidelines for declaring global health emergencies How does WHO get global data? - 1. routine surveillance 2. GPHIN 3. ProMED 4. GOARN What is GPHIN and what does it do? - Global public health information network. 1. scans global news, web 2. filtering and sorting 3. review for relevancy Example of a Syndromic surveillance What does ProMED do? - - Receives information from public health reports, media, ID docs - people in the field - Expert reviewers act as moderators - All vetted reports are e-mailed to subscribers, posted on web What is GOARN and what does it do? - Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network. - Run by WHO - Over 120 institutions participate to report and RESPOND to outbreaks What are 4 factors that prevent effective global surveillance? - 1. Financial resources lacking 2. lack of healthcare infrastructure 3. Technical issues - no diagnostic tests for many diseases - poor communications networks 4. Political - negative economic consequences act as a disincentive to report disease outbreaks - many people won't travel there then What solution came from International health regulation come up with surveillance? - Low and middle income countries should be given money specifically for surveillance of infectious diseases. Why do we care about the health of others across the planet? - - Economic opportunities - Diseases spread - Ethical/moral - Better relations How do we define Health according to WHO? - Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-belling and not merely the absence of disease. What is public health? - The science and art of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention. What is global health? - - deals with health issues that transcend national boundaries - seeks to understanding links between health, education, development and poverty - involves global coordination for interventions, policies and financing - is interdisciplinary (science, economics, politics) What are the 3 critical concepts for understanding global health? - 1. Determinants of health 2. indicators of health 3. global burden of disease What are determinants of health? - Factors that influence one's health