fied Solution
### Bisphosphonates
- Mechanism: Inhibit both normal and abnormal bone resorption, increasing bone mineral density.
- Cautions: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, heart failure, liver disease, and
gastrointestinal problems.
- Side Effects: Gastrointestinal and esophageal irritation.
- Drugs:
- Alendronate (Fosamax)
- Risedronate (Actonel)
- Ibandronate (Boniva)
- Common Side Effects: Esophagitis, arthralgia.
- Interactions: Ranitidine.
### Insulin Dosing
- Dosage: 0.3 to 0.5 units/kg/day, divided into multiple doses.
- Effects: Lowers blood glucose by 20-60 mg/dL.
- Special Considerations: Lower doses may be needed during the honeymoon phase or with physical
activity.