PAG 10.1 Investigating DNA structure using RasMol Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | Already Passed

PAG 10.1 Investigating DNA structure using RasMol Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | Already Passed **Question:** How are the DNA chains oriented with respect to each other? **Answer:** The DNA chains are arranged in an antiparallel orientation. This means that within the DNA double helix, one strand runs in the 5' to 3' direction (one end to the other) while the complementary strand runs in the opposite direction, from 3' to 5'. This antiparallel arrangement is crucial for the complementary base pairing and stability of the DNA molecule. **Question:** How does the structure of DNA relate to its biological functions? **Answer:** DNA's structure is essential for its functions in several ways: - **Semi-conservative Replication:** During DNA replication, each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This ensures accurate replication of genetic information. - **Transcription of mRNA:** DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, which carry the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where proteins are synthesized. - **Translation to Proteins:** The sequence of nucleotides in DNA encodes specific amino acids, which are assembled into proteins during translation. This process is essential for cellular functions and structure. **Question:** What scientific technique was instrumental in determining the structure of DNA? **Answer:** X-ray crystallography played a pivotal role in elucidating the structure of DNA. This technique involves directing X-rays at a crystallized sample of DNA and analyzing the diffraction patterns produced. The diffraction pattern provides information about the molecular structure, such as the distances between atoms and the angles between chemical bonds. This method, pioneered by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling, provided critical data that James Watson and Francis