Kettering National Seminar Comprehensive Review- Patient Assessment A | Latest Version | Graded A+

Kettering National Seminar Comprehensive Review- Patient Assessment A | Latest Version | Graded A+ **Ventilation:** refers to the process of moving air in and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange. **Oxygenation:** involves getting oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream to be delivered to tissues. **Circulation:** pertains to the movement of blood through the body, facilitated by the heart pumping blood through blood vessels. **Perfusion:** is the process of delivering oxygenated blood to tissues and organs in the body. **4 Life functions:** are essential for sustaining life: ventilation, oxygenation, circulation, and perfusion. **Ventilation (vital signs):** includes assessing chest movement, breath sounds, tidal volume, respiratory rate, PaCO2, and ETCO2. **Oxygenation (vital signs):** involves evaluating color, sensorium, heart rate, PaO2, and SpO2 (on ventilator FIO2 and I-Time). **Circulation (vital signs):** includes monitoring heart rate, pulse strength, and cardiac output. **Perfusion:** involves checking blood pressure, sensorium, temperature, urine output, and hemodynamics. **Life functions (priority):** In an emergency, the order of priority is: 1. ventilation, 2. oxygenation (most common problem), 3. circulation, 4. perfusion. **Admission notes:** Typically include admitting diagnosis, history of present illness, chief complaint, and past medical history, along with current medications. **Signs:** are objective findings such as color, pulse, edema, blood pressure, etc. **Symptoms:** are subjective experiences reported by the patient, like dyspnea, pain, muscle weakness, etc. **Physical examination:** Includes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. **Tobacco use:** is quantified in pack-years, calculated as packs smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked. **Do Not Resuscitate order (DNR):** Indicates the patient's preference not to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed