PAG 5.1: Synthesis of a Haloalkane Questions and Answers | Latest Version | Graded A+

PAG 5.1: Synthesis of a Haloalkane Questions and Answers | Latest Version | Graded A+ **What is the process for making 2-chloro-2-methylpropane from 2-methylpropan-2-ol?** 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is produced from 2-methylpropan-2-ol through a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the hydroxyl group is replaced by a chloride ion from hydrochloric acid. The reaction can be summarized as: 2-methylpropan-2-ol + hydrochloric acid → 2-chloro-2-methylpropane + water **How do you prepare 2-chloro-2-methylpropane from 2-methylpropan-2-ol?** First, measure and mix 2-methylpropan-2-ol and hydrochloric acid in a conical flask. Add the acid slowly over 2 minutes, then swirl the mixture periodically for 20 minutes with a mineral wool plug in the flask neck. Next, separate the mixture using a separating funnel, removing the aqueous layer and washing the organic layer with sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and distilled water. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate and then distill it to collect the pure product. **What equipment is needed for this preparation?** You will need a polystyrene cup, glass beaker, measuring cylinders, separating funnel, conical flasks, mineral wool, drying agent (anhydrous sodium sulfate), pear-shaped flask, antibumping granules, and a small Bunsen burner for distillation. **How do you calculate the energy absorbed by the solution assuming the specific heat capacity is 4.18?** Use the formula ( q = text{mass of solution} times 4.18 times Delta T ) where (Delta T) is the temperature increase at 4 minutes. **How do you calculate the moles of HCl required?** Use the formula ( N = CV ), where ( C ) is the concentration and ( V ) is the volume. For 1.0 mol/dm³ HCl and 0.0250 dm³, the moles of HCl are 0.025. **What is the enthalpy change of neutralization and its units?** Calculate it using the formula (Delta H = frac{q}{n} ), where ( n ) is the number of moles. The units are kJ/mol. **What is the actual enthalpy change of neutralization?** The actual enthalpy change of neutraliz