PATHO TEST BANK FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS #12
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
D. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - correct answer D. Increased capillary
hydrostatic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of
water balance is closely related to _____ balance.
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Potassium - correct answer B. Sodium
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-
secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of
the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
E. Weight loss - correct answer A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Increased bicarbonate intake
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia - correct answer B. Increased bicarbonate intake
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
A. Hypoaldosteronism
B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
C. Retention of metabolic acids
D. Hyperventilation - correct answer B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
A patient has been reading on the Internet that light to moderate intake of alcohol is
cardioprotective. When the patient asks the nurse what this means, the nurse should
respond that the heart is protected by which of the following mechanisms? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Prevention of clot formation
,B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
C. Increased collateral circulation
D. Vasodilation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis - correct answer A. Prevention of clot formation
B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent
and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as:
A. Generalized edema
B. Localized edema
C. Pitting edema
D. Lymphedema - correct answer B. Localized edema
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with:
A. Dehydration
B. Vomiting
C. Diuretic use
D. Hypoaldosteronism - correct answer A. Dehydration
Confirmation of somatic death is based on:
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
B. Presence of livor mortis
C. Presence of algor mortis
D. Change in skin color to pale yellow - correct answer A. Complete cessation of
respiration and circulation
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed
reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his
medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding
is most likely to occur?
A. Decreased urine formation
B. Clammy skin
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Decreased sodium - correct answer D. Decreased sodium
A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle
accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura
mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Abrasion
, D. Subdural hematoma - correct answer D. Subdural hematoma
A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of
the liver reveals cell death secondary to:
A. Pyknosis
B. Physiologic apoptosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Pathologic apoptosis - correct answer D. Pathologic apoptosis
An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her
vulnerable to falls, functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient
is experiencing:
A. Sarcopenia
B. Somatic death
C. Frailty
D. Cellular aging - correct answer C. Frailty
A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness,
and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for these
symptoms?
A. Lead exposure
B. Mercury poisoning
C. Ethanol exposure
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning - correct answer D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n):
A. Increased tendency towards developing edema
B. Higher total body water volume
C. Increase in thirst
D. Decreased muscle mass - correct answer D. Decreased muscle mass
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
A. Protein buffering
B. Kidney excretion of HCO3
C. Kidney excretion of H+
D. Prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2 - correct answer C. Kidney excretion of H+
A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound has
seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments. This wound
would be documented as a(n) _____ wound.
A. Indeterminate range entrance
B. Contact range entrance
C. Intermediate range entrance
D. Exit - correct answer B. Contact range entrance
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this condition?
A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
D. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - correct answer D. Increased capillary
hydrostatic pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of
water balance is closely related to _____ balance.
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Potassium - correct answer B. Sodium
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-
secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of
the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
E. Weight loss - correct answer A. Weakness
B. Confusion
C. Muscle twitching
D. Nausea
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient with:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Increased bicarbonate intake
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia - correct answer B. Increased bicarbonate intake
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with:
A. Hypoaldosteronism
B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
C. Retention of metabolic acids
D. Hyperventilation - correct answer B. Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
A patient has been reading on the Internet that light to moderate intake of alcohol is
cardioprotective. When the patient asks the nurse what this means, the nurse should
respond that the heart is protected by which of the following mechanisms? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Prevention of clot formation
,B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
C. Increased collateral circulation
D. Vasodilation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis - correct answer A. Prevention of clot formation
B. Reduction in platelet aggregation
E. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
F. Increasing fibrinolysis
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is incoherent
and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type
of edema is referred to as:
A. Generalized edema
B. Localized edema
C. Pitting edema
D. Lymphedema - correct answer B. Localized edema
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with:
A. Dehydration
B. Vomiting
C. Diuretic use
D. Hypoaldosteronism - correct answer A. Dehydration
Confirmation of somatic death is based on:
A. Complete cessation of respiration and circulation
B. Presence of livor mortis
C. Presence of algor mortis
D. Change in skin color to pale yellow - correct answer A. Complete cessation of
respiration and circulation
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed
reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his
medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding
is most likely to occur?
A. Decreased urine formation
B. Clammy skin
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Decreased sodium - correct answer D. Decreased sodium
A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle
accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura
mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Contusion
C. Abrasion
, D. Subdural hematoma - correct answer D. Subdural hematoma
A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of
the liver reveals cell death secondary to:
A. Pyknosis
B. Physiologic apoptosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Pathologic apoptosis - correct answer D. Pathologic apoptosis
An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her
vulnerable to falls, functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient
is experiencing:
A. Sarcopenia
B. Somatic death
C. Frailty
D. Cellular aging - correct answer C. Frailty
A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness,
and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for these
symptoms?
A. Lead exposure
B. Mercury poisoning
C. Ethanol exposure
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning - correct answer D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n):
A. Increased tendency towards developing edema
B. Higher total body water volume
C. Increase in thirst
D. Decreased muscle mass - correct answer D. Decreased muscle mass
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
A. Protein buffering
B. Kidney excretion of HCO3
C. Kidney excretion of H+
D. Prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2 - correct answer C. Kidney excretion of H+
A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound has
seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments. This wound
would be documented as a(n) _____ wound.
A. Indeterminate range entrance
B. Contact range entrance
C. Intermediate range entrance
D. Exit - correct answer B. Contact range entrance
