PATHO TEST BANK EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS #11
A 2-year-old malnourished child has vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A blood smear
suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. The nurse would expect the
hemoglobin to be:
A. Low
B. High
C. Normal
D. Sporadic - correct answer Normal
A 35-year-old male with hyperthyroidism begins treatment to decrease thyroid activity. A
nurse monitors for which of the following conditions that could result secondary to the
treatment?
A. Monocytosis
B. Lymphocytosis
C. Eosinophilia
D. Basophilia - correct answer Basophilia
In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse assesses for active bleeding
after intravascular clotting because:
A. Inflammatory mediators are released.
B. Clotting factors are depleted.
C. Tissue factor (TF) is inactivated.
D. Prothrombin is activated. - correct answer Clotting factors are depleted
Thrombocytopenia may be:
A. Transient or consistent
B. Congenital or acquired
C. Normal or abnormal
D. Active or inactive - correct answer Congenital or acquired
A nurse recalls posthemorrhagic anemia can result in death when a patient's blood loss
is in excess of:
A. 30% to 39%
B. 20% to 29%
C. 40% to 49%
D. 50% to 59% - correct answer 40% to 49%
A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the following
Pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
,A. Failure of mechanisms of compensatory erythropoiesis
B. Swelling in the tissues
C. Increased basal metabolic rate
D. Disturbances of the iron cycle
E. Decreased erythrocyte life span - correct answer Failure of mechanisms of
compensatory erythropoiesis
Disturbances of the iron cycle
Decreased erythrocyte life span
A 30-year-old female presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and bleeding gums. She is
diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). A nurse realizes the most likely
cause is:
A. Allergy-induced platelet lysis
B. Antibody destruction of platelets
C. T cell injury to megakaryocytes
D. An immune response to hypersplenism - correct answer Antibody destruction of
platelets
A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because:
A. High levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system.
B. The liver is often the site of platelet pooling.
C. Clotting factors are produced in the liver.
D. Treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis. - correct answer Clotting
factors are produced in the liver
A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. A nurse recalls the primary
cause of her anemia is:
A. Bone marrow failure
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Iron deficiency
D. Folate deficiency - correct answer Iron deficiency
A 20-year-old female has an increase in eosinophils. When the patient wants to know
the most likely cause of the eosinophilia. What is the nurse's best response?
A. Parasitic invasion and allergic reactions
B. Viral and bacterial infections
C. Fungal infections and delayed hypersensitivity
D. Stress and anxiety reactions - correct answer Parasitic invasions and allergic
reactions
A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When he asks what the
most likely cause of this disease is, what is the nurse's best response?
,A. Decreased levels of tissue iron with megaloblastic erythrocytes
B. Premature erythrocyte destruction and erythropoietin deficiency
C. Misshapen erythrocytes with low hemoglobin
D. Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production - correct answer
Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production
A 58-year-old female presents in the clinic presenting with fatigue, weight loss, and
tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit, a high
mean corpuscular volume, and normal plasma iron. These assessment findings are
consistent with which type of anemia?
A. Pernicious anemia
B. Aplastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia - correct answer Pernicious anemia
A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Which of
The following assessment findings would he most likely demonstrate?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Fatigue
B. Rash on the trunk and extremities
C. Lymph node enlargement.
D. Fever and sore throat
E. Enlargement of liver and spleen - correct answer Fatigue
Lymph node enlargement
Fever and sore throat
Enlargement of liver and spleen
A nurse is teaching the staff about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which
information should the nurse include? The sequence of events in DIC is initiated by the
release of:
A. Plasmin
B. Fibrin
C. Tissue factor
D. Histamine - correct answer Tissue factor
A 67-year-old female is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of
polycythemia vera. Upon taking the history, the patient will most likely report:
A. Decreased blood pressure
B. Chest pain
C. Hyperactivity
D. A pale skin color - correct answer Chest pain
, Which laboratory test will assist the nurse in identifying infants who are prone to develop
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
A. Total bilirubin
B. Coombs
C. Rh antibodies
D. Platelets - correct answer Coombs
A 1-year-old is diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The nurse
assesses for the most serious concern, which is development of:
A. Immunosuppression
B. Intracranial bleeding
C. Asymmetric bruising
D. Respiratory infection - correct answer Intracranial bleeding
A 3-year-old child presents with bruising on the legs and trunk and a petechial rash. The
mother also reports frequent nosebleeds. Lab tests reveal a decreased platelet count.
Which is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart?
A. Leukemia
B. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
C. Hemophilia
D. Thalassemia - correct answer Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
In the United States, which group of people should be assessed first for sickle cell
disease?
A. African-Americans
B. Asians
C. Hispanics
D. Caucasians - correct answer African-Americans
A nurse wants to chart the other name for hemophilia B. Which term should the nurse
write?
A. Thalassemia
B. Classic hemophilia
C. Christmas disease
D. Von Willebrand disease - correct answer Christmas disease
Which major symptom in a patient with sickle cell anemia indicates to the nurse, the
patient is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pain
C. Petechiae
A 2-year-old malnourished child has vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. A blood smear
suggests the deficiency is macrocytic and normochromic. The nurse would expect the
hemoglobin to be:
A. Low
B. High
C. Normal
D. Sporadic - correct answer Normal
A 35-year-old male with hyperthyroidism begins treatment to decrease thyroid activity. A
nurse monitors for which of the following conditions that could result secondary to the
treatment?
A. Monocytosis
B. Lymphocytosis
C. Eosinophilia
D. Basophilia - correct answer Basophilia
In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse assesses for active bleeding
after intravascular clotting because:
A. Inflammatory mediators are released.
B. Clotting factors are depleted.
C. Tissue factor (TF) is inactivated.
D. Prothrombin is activated. - correct answer Clotting factors are depleted
Thrombocytopenia may be:
A. Transient or consistent
B. Congenital or acquired
C. Normal or abnormal
D. Active or inactive - correct answer Congenital or acquired
A nurse recalls posthemorrhagic anemia can result in death when a patient's blood loss
is in excess of:
A. 30% to 39%
B. 20% to 29%
C. 40% to 49%
D. 50% to 59% - correct answer 40% to 49%
A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the following
Pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (Select all that apply.)
,A. Failure of mechanisms of compensatory erythropoiesis
B. Swelling in the tissues
C. Increased basal metabolic rate
D. Disturbances of the iron cycle
E. Decreased erythrocyte life span - correct answer Failure of mechanisms of
compensatory erythropoiesis
Disturbances of the iron cycle
Decreased erythrocyte life span
A 30-year-old female presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and bleeding gums. She is
diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). A nurse realizes the most likely
cause is:
A. Allergy-induced platelet lysis
B. Antibody destruction of platelets
C. T cell injury to megakaryocytes
D. An immune response to hypersplenism - correct answer Antibody destruction of
platelets
A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because:
A. High levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system.
B. The liver is often the site of platelet pooling.
C. Clotting factors are produced in the liver.
D. Treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis. - correct answer Clotting
factors are produced in the liver
A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. A nurse recalls the primary
cause of her anemia is:
A. Bone marrow failure
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Iron deficiency
D. Folate deficiency - correct answer Iron deficiency
A 20-year-old female has an increase in eosinophils. When the patient wants to know
the most likely cause of the eosinophilia. What is the nurse's best response?
A. Parasitic invasion and allergic reactions
B. Viral and bacterial infections
C. Fungal infections and delayed hypersensitivity
D. Stress and anxiety reactions - correct answer Parasitic invasions and allergic
reactions
A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When he asks what the
most likely cause of this disease is, what is the nurse's best response?
,A. Decreased levels of tissue iron with megaloblastic erythrocytes
B. Premature erythrocyte destruction and erythropoietin deficiency
C. Misshapen erythrocytes with low hemoglobin
D. Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production - correct answer
Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production
A 58-year-old female presents in the clinic presenting with fatigue, weight loss, and
tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit, a high
mean corpuscular volume, and normal plasma iron. These assessment findings are
consistent with which type of anemia?
A. Pernicious anemia
B. Aplastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia - correct answer Pernicious anemia
A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Which of
The following assessment findings would he most likely demonstrate?
(Select all that apply.)
A. Fatigue
B. Rash on the trunk and extremities
C. Lymph node enlargement.
D. Fever and sore throat
E. Enlargement of liver and spleen - correct answer Fatigue
Lymph node enlargement
Fever and sore throat
Enlargement of liver and spleen
A nurse is teaching the staff about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which
information should the nurse include? The sequence of events in DIC is initiated by the
release of:
A. Plasmin
B. Fibrin
C. Tissue factor
D. Histamine - correct answer Tissue factor
A 67-year-old female is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of
polycythemia vera. Upon taking the history, the patient will most likely report:
A. Decreased blood pressure
B. Chest pain
C. Hyperactivity
D. A pale skin color - correct answer Chest pain
, Which laboratory test will assist the nurse in identifying infants who are prone to develop
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
A. Total bilirubin
B. Coombs
C. Rh antibodies
D. Platelets - correct answer Coombs
A 1-year-old is diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The nurse
assesses for the most serious concern, which is development of:
A. Immunosuppression
B. Intracranial bleeding
C. Asymmetric bruising
D. Respiratory infection - correct answer Intracranial bleeding
A 3-year-old child presents with bruising on the legs and trunk and a petechial rash. The
mother also reports frequent nosebleeds. Lab tests reveal a decreased platelet count.
Which is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart?
A. Leukemia
B. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
C. Hemophilia
D. Thalassemia - correct answer Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
In the United States, which group of people should be assessed first for sickle cell
disease?
A. African-Americans
B. Asians
C. Hispanics
D. Caucasians - correct answer African-Americans
A nurse wants to chart the other name for hemophilia B. Which term should the nurse
write?
A. Thalassemia
B. Classic hemophilia
C. Christmas disease
D. Von Willebrand disease - correct answer Christmas disease
Which major symptom in a patient with sickle cell anemia indicates to the nurse, the
patient is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pain
C. Petechiae
