UNIT 5, 4 , 3, 2, 1 MN 551 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM FULLY
SOLVED #2
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development
of edema? - correct answer an 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and
hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is
distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the
following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - correct
answer products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures
that govern ventilation?
Question options: - correct answer negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs
against the chest wall
Increased thrombopoietin levels - correct answer following a course of measles, a 5-
year-old girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was
diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp). As part of her diagnostic
workup, blood work was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be
considered unexpected by the health care team?
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal
circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - correct answer
pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries,
rises over the course of the infant's first week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect
blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? - correct answer bowman space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital
is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the
following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options: - correct answer "you should breathe deeply and cough to help your
lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal
chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's
most likely diagnosis? - correct answer aortic valve stenosis
"stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production
system." - correct answer a couple who are expecting their first child have been advised
by friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of
stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and
are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might
,expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the
couple's inquiry?
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes,
neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following
explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? - correct answer the
outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he
has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to
void with little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and
possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? - correct answer overactive bladder that
may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts
of mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the
following changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of
this change? - correct answer increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary
role of the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent
their entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate
mucociliary blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and
increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate
consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive
heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at
an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? - correct
answer blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of
entry into the heart.
Bacterial - correct answer sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an
infective agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates
readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when
exposed to crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial
accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may
underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - correct answer base
pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - correct answer a child has been diagnosed with
thalassemia. Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
, Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest
increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - correct answer a woman
who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - correct answer a 22-year-old male
who has lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury
As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of
cardiovascular disease, the care team has identified the need for a record of the
electrical activity of his heart, insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and
physical measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the following series of tests
is most likely to provide the needed data for his diagnosis and care? - correct answer
echocardiogram, pet scan, ecg
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask due to her reduced
lung compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to be
a contributor to her low lung compliance? - correct answer her thoracic cage is less
flexible than when she was healthy.
A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is
experiencing impaired gas exchange and co2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate.
Which of the following phenomena would her care team most realistically anticipate? -
correct answer her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma hco3- and her ph will
decrease.
A nurse practitioner is performing patient teaching about the influenza virus with each
patient who has come to the clinic to receive that year's vaccine. Which of the following
statements by patients best reflects an accurate understanding of the flu virus? - correct
answer "i could come down with viral or bacterial pneumonia as a result of a bad flu
bug."
A patient is experiencing impaired circulation secondary to increased systemic arterial
pressure. Which of the following statements is the most relevant phenomenon? - correct
answer high afterload because of backpressure against the left ventricle
Neutrophils - correct answer a patient presented to the emergency department of the
hospital with a swollen, reddened, painful leg wound and has been diagnosed with
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cellulitis. The patient's nurse practitioner has
ordered a complete blood count and white cell differential. Which of the following blood
components would the nurse practitioner most likely anticipate to be elevated?
The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and he
notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse practitioner recalls that
jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate
in which part of the cell? - correct answer cytoplasm
SOLVED #2
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development
of edema? - correct answer an 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and
hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is
distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the
following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - correct
answer products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures
that govern ventilation?
Question options: - correct answer negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs
against the chest wall
Increased thrombopoietin levels - correct answer following a course of measles, a 5-
year-old girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was
diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp). As part of her diagnostic
workup, blood work was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be
considered unexpected by the health care team?
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal
circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - correct answer
pulmonary vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries,
rises over the course of the infant's first week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect
blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? - correct answer bowman space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital
is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the
following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options: - correct answer "you should breathe deeply and cough to help your
lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal
chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's
most likely diagnosis? - correct answer aortic valve stenosis
"stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production
system." - correct answer a couple who are expecting their first child have been advised
by friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of
stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and
are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might
,expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the
couple's inquiry?
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes,
neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following
explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? - correct answer the
outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he
has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to
void with little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and
possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? - correct answer overactive bladder that
may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts
of mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the
following changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of
this change? - correct answer increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary
role of the mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent
their entry into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate
mucociliary blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and
increased carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate
consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive
heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at
an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? - correct
answer blood backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of
entry into the heart.
Bacterial - correct answer sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an
infective agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates
readily in broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when
exposed to crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial
accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may
underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - correct answer base
pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - correct answer a child has been diagnosed with
thalassemia. Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
, Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest
increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - correct answer a woman
who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - correct answer a 22-year-old male
who has lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury
As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of
cardiovascular disease, the care team has identified the need for a record of the
electrical activity of his heart, insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and
physical measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the following series of tests
is most likely to provide the needed data for his diagnosis and care? - correct answer
echocardiogram, pet scan, ecg
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask due to her reduced
lung compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to be
a contributor to her low lung compliance? - correct answer her thoracic cage is less
flexible than when she was healthy.
A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is
experiencing impaired gas exchange and co2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate.
Which of the following phenomena would her care team most realistically anticipate? -
correct answer her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma hco3- and her ph will
decrease.
A nurse practitioner is performing patient teaching about the influenza virus with each
patient who has come to the clinic to receive that year's vaccine. Which of the following
statements by patients best reflects an accurate understanding of the flu virus? - correct
answer "i could come down with viral or bacterial pneumonia as a result of a bad flu
bug."
A patient is experiencing impaired circulation secondary to increased systemic arterial
pressure. Which of the following statements is the most relevant phenomenon? - correct
answer high afterload because of backpressure against the left ventricle
Neutrophils - correct answer a patient presented to the emergency department of the
hospital with a swollen, reddened, painful leg wound and has been diagnosed with
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cellulitis. The patient's nurse practitioner has
ordered a complete blood count and white cell differential. Which of the following blood
components would the nurse practitioner most likely anticipate to be elevated?
The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and he
notes that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse practitioner recalls that
jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate
in which part of the cell? - correct answer cytoplasm
