CANS EXAM 1
General Systems Theory- Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1936) - correct answer-A common
framework for studying several similar disciplines would allow scientists and scholars to
organize and communicate findings, making it easier to build on the work of others.
Components of Systems - correct answer--Input: material that enters a system
-Throughput: processes a system uses to convert material
-Output: end result or product of the system
-Evaluation: measures the success or failure of the output
-Feedback: information given back into the system to determine whether the purpose or end
result of the system has been achieved
Hospital as a System - correct answer-The success of the hospital depends on the
functioning of many subsystems
First: The whole is different from and greater than the sum of its parts (its subsystems).
Second: Synergy occurs when all the various subsystems work together to create a result
that is not independently achievable.
Supra-system - correct answer-The larger environment outside the system
An OPEN system - correct answer-promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and
information with other systems and the environment.
A CLOSED system - correct answer-does not interact with other systems or with the
surrounding environment
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - correct answer-1) Physiologic needs - food, oxygen, rest,
activity, shelter, and sexual expression
2) Physical and psychological safety and security - reasonably predictable environment with
which one has some familiarity and relative freedom from fear and chaos
3) Love and belonging - close intimate relations, social relations, a place in the social
structure
4) Self-esteem - need to feel self-worth, self-respect, and self-reliance
5) Self actualization - realized maximum potential
Various environmental systems: - correct answer-family, cultural, social, poverty,
community/gloabl
WHO's definition of health: - correct answer-a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 - correct answer-addresses a small set of health issues that are
significant threats to the health and the public.
, 26 leading health indicators. These indicators are organized into 12 topic areas on quality of
life, healthy behaviors, and healthy human development across the life span.
Health Beliefs Model
Rosenstock (1966, 1990) - correct answer-= "why some people change their health
behaviors while others do not."
Three components:
1. An evaluation of one's vulnerability to a condition and the seriousness of that condition
2. An evaluation of how effective the health maintenance behavior might be
3. The presence of a trigger event that precipitates the health maintenance behavior
Self-Efficacy Concept
Bandura (1997) - correct answer-Self-efficacy is the belief in oneself as having the ability to
modify behavior
Four components for effective lifestyle change:
1) Information
2) Skill development
3) Skill enhancement through guided practice and feedback
4) Creating social supports for change
Also described a type of socialization, modeling, which is useful when learning any new
behavior (1977).
Locus of control: - correct answer-People tend to be influenced by either internal or external
view of control.
-Health is internally controlled. Belief that health is controlled by what they themselves do.
OR
-Health is externally controlled. Belief that health is determined by outside factors.
Holistic nursing care: - correct answer-nourishes the whole person - the body, mind, and
spirit.
Eight factors contribute to holistic approach to nursing:
1) Nursing is an open system
2) Nursing is the provision of health care services
3) Nursing involves collaborating with patients and their families
4) Nursing is integrally involved with people
5) Nursing care is provided regardless of diagnosis, individual differences, age, beliefs,
gender, sexual orientation, or other factors.
6) Nurses require advanced knowledge and skills
7) Nursing requires concern, compassion, respect, and warmth, as well as comprehensive,
individualized planning of care, to facilitate patients' growth toward wellness.
General Systems Theory- Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1936) - correct answer-A common
framework for studying several similar disciplines would allow scientists and scholars to
organize and communicate findings, making it easier to build on the work of others.
Components of Systems - correct answer--Input: material that enters a system
-Throughput: processes a system uses to convert material
-Output: end result or product of the system
-Evaluation: measures the success or failure of the output
-Feedback: information given back into the system to determine whether the purpose or end
result of the system has been achieved
Hospital as a System - correct answer-The success of the hospital depends on the
functioning of many subsystems
First: The whole is different from and greater than the sum of its parts (its subsystems).
Second: Synergy occurs when all the various subsystems work together to create a result
that is not independently achievable.
Supra-system - correct answer-The larger environment outside the system
An OPEN system - correct answer-promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and
information with other systems and the environment.
A CLOSED system - correct answer-does not interact with other systems or with the
surrounding environment
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - correct answer-1) Physiologic needs - food, oxygen, rest,
activity, shelter, and sexual expression
2) Physical and psychological safety and security - reasonably predictable environment with
which one has some familiarity and relative freedom from fear and chaos
3) Love and belonging - close intimate relations, social relations, a place in the social
structure
4) Self-esteem - need to feel self-worth, self-respect, and self-reliance
5) Self actualization - realized maximum potential
Various environmental systems: - correct answer-family, cultural, social, poverty,
community/gloabl
WHO's definition of health: - correct answer-a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 - correct answer-addresses a small set of health issues that are
significant threats to the health and the public.
, 26 leading health indicators. These indicators are organized into 12 topic areas on quality of
life, healthy behaviors, and healthy human development across the life span.
Health Beliefs Model
Rosenstock (1966, 1990) - correct answer-= "why some people change their health
behaviors while others do not."
Three components:
1. An evaluation of one's vulnerability to a condition and the seriousness of that condition
2. An evaluation of how effective the health maintenance behavior might be
3. The presence of a trigger event that precipitates the health maintenance behavior
Self-Efficacy Concept
Bandura (1997) - correct answer-Self-efficacy is the belief in oneself as having the ability to
modify behavior
Four components for effective lifestyle change:
1) Information
2) Skill development
3) Skill enhancement through guided practice and feedback
4) Creating social supports for change
Also described a type of socialization, modeling, which is useful when learning any new
behavior (1977).
Locus of control: - correct answer-People tend to be influenced by either internal or external
view of control.
-Health is internally controlled. Belief that health is controlled by what they themselves do.
OR
-Health is externally controlled. Belief that health is determined by outside factors.
Holistic nursing care: - correct answer-nourishes the whole person - the body, mind, and
spirit.
Eight factors contribute to holistic approach to nursing:
1) Nursing is an open system
2) Nursing is the provision of health care services
3) Nursing involves collaborating with patients and their families
4) Nursing is integrally involved with people
5) Nursing care is provided regardless of diagnosis, individual differences, age, beliefs,
gender, sexual orientation, or other factors.
6) Nurses require advanced knowledge and skills
7) Nursing requires concern, compassion, respect, and warmth, as well as comprehensive,
individualized planning of care, to facilitate patients' growth toward wellness.
