PSYC 140 Module 1
Lifespan Development Define - ✅✅-physical, social, cognitive, and emotional
changes throughout human life
Factors of lifespan development - ✅✅ -1. lifelong
2. multidirectional
3. multidisciplinary
4. multidimensional (biological, social, emotional, cognitive, moral)
Maturation: adults ____, while children ____ - ✅✅-age, grow
Nature - ✅✅ -biological, genetic
people are BORN a specific way
Nurture -✅✅ -environmental, learned/influenced by others
people change based on surroundings - raising, human environment, etc
Continuous development - ✅✅-Various stages of development gradually flow into
one another
Can be difficult to determine when one stage starts and another starts
Behaviorists
Discontinuous development - ✅✅-Developmental stages are distinct
One stage definitely ends before another begins
Stage theorists
Sigmund Freud - ✅✅-Psychosexual stages of development
Proposed the id, ego, superego are what develop one's personality
Proposed 5 stages of development involving a conflict and fixation with an area of
the body associated with gratification/pleasure
Freud's 5 stages of development - ✅✅ -1. Oral stage: birth-18 months: relief from
anxiety through oral gratification of needs
2. Anal stage: 18 months-3yoa: learning independence and control, with focus on the
excretory function
, 3. Phallic stage: 3-5yoa: identification with parent of same sex; development of
sexual identity; focus on genital organs
4. Latency stage: 5 years-puberty: sexuality is repressed; focus is on relationships
with same-sex peers
5. Genital stage: puberty-adulthood: libido is reawakened as genital organs mature;
focus is on relationships with members of the opposite sex
Major periods of lifespan development - ✅✅-1. prenatal development
2. infancy and toddlerhood
3. early childhood
4. middle childhood
5. adolescence
6. early adulthood
7. middle adulthood
8. late adulthood
✅✅
Why is it important to study human development across lifespan? -
-Development is lifelong. Developmental science has shown that major
developmental changes continue to occur during adolescence and adulthood, so it is
important to study the entire lifespan to develop the most accurate theories.
Why is lifespan development multidirectional - ✅✅ -Lifespan development is
multidirectional because development can be good, bad, or both. Each
developmental stage can come with improvement and/or decline. For example, as
children grow, they become more mature and develop important skills. However,
while adults age, they might continue to experience emotional or cognitive
maturation, but can also experience physical decline as they get older.
Maturation - ✅✅-can be physical, emotional, and/or cognitive
becoming more developed and advanced
✅✅
Why is lifespan development multidisciplinary? Is there a reason why various
disciplines study it? - -The study of lifespan development is multidisciplinary
because it uses theories from multiple subdivisions of psychology. Various disciplines
study it because it is necessary for professional fields, including health sciences,
social sciences, and education, to obtain a holistic view of an individual.
Why is lifespan development multidimensional - ✅✅ -because there are many ways
a person can develop and change, including biologically, socially, emotionally, and
cognitively.
Lifespan Development Define - ✅✅-physical, social, cognitive, and emotional
changes throughout human life
Factors of lifespan development - ✅✅ -1. lifelong
2. multidirectional
3. multidisciplinary
4. multidimensional (biological, social, emotional, cognitive, moral)
Maturation: adults ____, while children ____ - ✅✅-age, grow
Nature - ✅✅ -biological, genetic
people are BORN a specific way
Nurture -✅✅ -environmental, learned/influenced by others
people change based on surroundings - raising, human environment, etc
Continuous development - ✅✅-Various stages of development gradually flow into
one another
Can be difficult to determine when one stage starts and another starts
Behaviorists
Discontinuous development - ✅✅-Developmental stages are distinct
One stage definitely ends before another begins
Stage theorists
Sigmund Freud - ✅✅-Psychosexual stages of development
Proposed the id, ego, superego are what develop one's personality
Proposed 5 stages of development involving a conflict and fixation with an area of
the body associated with gratification/pleasure
Freud's 5 stages of development - ✅✅ -1. Oral stage: birth-18 months: relief from
anxiety through oral gratification of needs
2. Anal stage: 18 months-3yoa: learning independence and control, with focus on the
excretory function
, 3. Phallic stage: 3-5yoa: identification with parent of same sex; development of
sexual identity; focus on genital organs
4. Latency stage: 5 years-puberty: sexuality is repressed; focus is on relationships
with same-sex peers
5. Genital stage: puberty-adulthood: libido is reawakened as genital organs mature;
focus is on relationships with members of the opposite sex
Major periods of lifespan development - ✅✅-1. prenatal development
2. infancy and toddlerhood
3. early childhood
4. middle childhood
5. adolescence
6. early adulthood
7. middle adulthood
8. late adulthood
✅✅
Why is it important to study human development across lifespan? -
-Development is lifelong. Developmental science has shown that major
developmental changes continue to occur during adolescence and adulthood, so it is
important to study the entire lifespan to develop the most accurate theories.
Why is lifespan development multidirectional - ✅✅ -Lifespan development is
multidirectional because development can be good, bad, or both. Each
developmental stage can come with improvement and/or decline. For example, as
children grow, they become more mature and develop important skills. However,
while adults age, they might continue to experience emotional or cognitive
maturation, but can also experience physical decline as they get older.
Maturation - ✅✅-can be physical, emotional, and/or cognitive
becoming more developed and advanced
✅✅
Why is lifespan development multidisciplinary? Is there a reason why various
disciplines study it? - -The study of lifespan development is multidisciplinary
because it uses theories from multiple subdivisions of psychology. Various disciplines
study it because it is necessary for professional fields, including health sciences,
social sciences, and education, to obtain a holistic view of an individual.
Why is lifespan development multidimensional - ✅✅ -because there are many ways
a person can develop and change, including biologically, socially, emotionally, and
cognitively.
