Infectious disease summary table

ETIOLOGY,
CAUSATIVE AGENT & TREATMENT +
TRANSMISSION + CLINICAL FEATURES DIAGNOSIS
CHARACTERISTICS PREVENTION
PATHOLOGY

Gram -ve bacillus Stool and blood culture
Bloody diarrhoea Rehydration
TYPHOID FEVER Facultative anaerobe Widal test for antibodies
Intestinal perforation at Oral or IV Cephalosporin
Salmonella Enterica Fecal -oral route (meat) against O and H antigen
Peyer Patches Fluoroquinolones
- Salmonella Typhi O (LPS), H (Flagellar), & Vi Increased Liver enzymes
Macular rash on trunk S.Typhi Vaccine (Prevention)
Gram -ve bacillus antigen Neutropenia


Bloody diarrhoea
NON-TYPHOIDAL Gram -ve bacillus
Fever Ceftriaxone
SALMENOLLOSES Facultative anaerobe Stool and blood culture
Nausea and vomiting Ciprofloxacin
Salmonella enterica Fecal -oral route (meat) Stool Examination
Complications - reactive Ampicillin
-Salmonella Enteritidis O (LPS), H (Flagellar), & Vi antigen
arthritis, meningitis,

Spore-forming
Muscle paralysis (flaccid, Equine heptavalent antitoxin
BoTULISM Obligate anaerobe
peripheral, symmetrical) Infants - human botulism
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM Gram (+) rod. Blood culture
Dysphagia, Dysarthria, Immunoglobulins (IG’s)
TYPES: Foodborne, Wound & Neurotoxins A,B,E and F Stool Culture
Dysphonia and Dry Mouth Wound debridement for wound
Infant Prevents Acetyl Choline release
In Infants-poor feeding botulinism
into synaptic cleft.

Bloody diarrhea with mucus Supportive Fluids
Gram -ve rod
COLOENTERITIS Fever Antibiotics contraindicated due
Produces shiga-like toxin Stool Culture
E.coli 0157:H7
Vomiting to high HUS risk
Fecal oral
Can lead to HUS HUS: dialysis



SHIGELLOSIS Non-spore forming gram-ve Profuse mucoid-bloody Stool cultures
4 SEROGROUPS:
Fluids and electrolytes
Non-motile bacterium diarrhoea Stool examination for
A (S.dysenteriae), Ciprofloxaxin
Shiga toxin Tenesmus leucocytes with methylene
B (S. flexneri), Azithromycin
Fecal-oral Complications - toxic blue. (fecal lactoferrin)
C (S. boydii) Ceftriaxone
D (S. sonnei).
Flies serve as vectors megacolon, ↑ESR, ↑CRP

, ETIOLOGY,
CLINICAL TREATMENT +
TRANSMISSION + DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
FEATURES PREVENTION

Rice water stools without
mucus or blood Oral rehydration solution
cHOLERA Gram -ve bacilli
Dehydration - thirst,
Rapid dipstick test
(Glucose, NaCl, Sodium
VIBRIO CHOLERA Poor water sanitation Stool analysis for
reduced skin turgor, dry tricitrate)
Epidemic Cholera - Fecal oral lactoferrin
mucosa, hypokalemia Doxycycline
Serotype 01 and 0139 Produces entero-toxin Stool culture
Complication: Erythromycin in children
hypovolemic shock

Indolent Fever, Fatigue,
Anemia
Weight loss
Neutropenia Doxicycline & Rifampicin
BRUCELLOSIS Gram -ve (coccobaccili) Neurological: Headache,
↑Liver enzyme Corticosteroids
BRUCELLA SPP. Non-spore forming Depression
CSF analysis Live attenuated vaccine for
B.Abortus, B.Melitensis Unpasteurised dairy MSK: Arthralgia, joint pain
Blood/Bone marrow/ high risk population
FORMS: acute, subacute or
Lymph node culture
chronic and can relapse


Diarrhea Mild: Aminopenicillin
Gram -ve spirochete
LEPTOSPIROSES Rodents, dog and
High fever ELISA Severe: Ceftriaxone
LEPTOSPIRA FAMILY Pertibial maculopapular PCR Supportive therapy -for
livestock are reservoirs
L.canicola, rash CXR -bi-basal opacities Multi-organ failure e.g.
Transmitted via urine of
L.pomona Severe: Weil’s disease - ↑LFTs, ESR, WBCs heamodialyis
infected animals
hemoptysis, AKF, PH Pet immunisation

Fever, Sore throat
Clinical diagnosis
Group A β-haemolytic Cervical
Rapid antigen detection
SCARLET FEVER streptococci Lymphadenopathy
test via throat swab
Oral Penicillin V
Scarlatina Person to person via Exudative Pharyngitis Macrolides
Elevated anti-
respiratory droplets Strawberry tongue
streptolysin O
Rash - Pastia’s line