Arizona State University BIO 202 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed

Arizona State University BIO 202 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed About how much of your body weight is blood? ✔✔~8% defin e diastolic pressure. ✔✔lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest Define Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). ✔✔pressure that propels blood to tissues define pulse pressure. ✔✔difference between systolic and diastolic pressure Define systolic pressure. ✔✔pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction Describe a granulocyte. ✔✔larger and shorter -lived than RBCs; contain lobed, rather than circular nuclei; cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright's stain; all are phagocytic to some degree Describe a neutrophil. ✔✔most numerous WBCs; twice the size of RBCs; stain with acid and basic dyes; contain either hydrolytic enzymes or antimicrobial proteins; aka polymorphonuclear leukocytes because nucleus is lobular; v ery phagocytic; defense granules merge with phagosome Describe basophils. ✔✔rarest WBCs (.5 - 1%) of leukocytes; nucleus deep purple with one to two constrictions; large purplish black (basophilic) granules contain histamine; are functionally to mast cell s Describe eosinophils. ✔✔account for 2 -4% of all leukocytes; nucleus has two lobes connected by a broad band; red -staining granules contain digestive enzymes; PLAY A ROLE IN ALLERGIES AND ASTHMA as well as immune response modulators Describe infectious mononucleosis. ✔✔highly contagious viral disease; caused by Epstein -barr virus; results in high numbers of typical arganulocytes; runs course with rest in 4 -6 weeks Describe leukemia. ✔✔cancerous condition involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs; named according to abnormal WBC clone involved; without tx, all leukemias fatal; immature nonfunctional WBCs flood bloodstream; cancerous cells fill red bone marrow, crowding out other cell lines; death is usually from internal hemorrhage or overwhelming infecti ons; tx: irradiation, antileukemic drugs, stem cell transplants Describe lymphocytes. ✔✔second most numerous WBC, accounts for 25%; large, dark purple, circular nuclei with thin rim or blue cytoplasm; mostly found in lymphoid tissue, but a few circulate i n blood; crucial to immunity Describe monocytes. ✔✔largest of all leukocytes; 3 -8% of all WBCs; abundant pale blue cytoplasm; dark purple -staining, U shaped nuclei; leave circulation, enter tissues and differentiate into macrophages; activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response How do the nervous system and endocrine system regulate each other? ✔✔neurons trigger hormone secretion; hormones stimulate or inhibit neurons How does afterload affect SV? ✔✔hypertension increases afterload, resulting in incr eased ESV and reduced SV How does contractility affect SV? ✔✔increased contractility lowers ESV by increased positive inotropic agents How does preload affect SV? ✔✔increased preload = increased contraction strength How does the physiology of skeletal and cardiac muscle differ? ✔✔-Heart contracts as a unit -Influx of calcium from extracellular fluid triggers calcium release from SR (skeletal muscles do not use extracelluar calcium) -tetanic contractions cannot occur i n cardiac muscles -the heart relies almost exclusively on aerobic respiration Regulation of endocrine hormone action? ✔✔hormones, direct nerve input, environment within the body T or F: Equal volumes of blood are pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits ✔✔TRUE The balance between RBC production and destruction depends on...? ✔✔hormonal controls and dietary requirements What antibodies (agglutinins) does type A blood have? ✔✔anti-B What antibodies (agglutinins) does type AB blood have? ✔✔none (universa l recipient)