Edexcel Organic Chemistry A Level
Reactions 2024 Complete exam study
Guide
Thermal Cracking - Answer>>- High temperatures (1000C)
- High pressure (up to 70atm)
- Produces ALKENES
- E.g. ethene --> polyethene
Catalytic Cracking - Answer>>- Zeolite catalyst
- Slight pressure
- High temperature (450C)
- Produces AROMATICS
Reformation - Answer>>Alkanes --> cycloalkanes/ aromatic
hydrocarbons
- Straight chain alkanes are a lot more likely to 'knock'
- Pt Catalyst (ct)
Alkene → Alkane - Answer>>- Hydrogen
- 150C
- Ni ct
- Hydrogenation
- Irreversible
Alkene → Halogenoalkane - Answer>>- Electrophilic Addition
- Bromine water
- Orange --> colourless
- Irreversible
Alkene → Alcohol - Answer>>- H20 (steam)
- 300C
- Phosphoric Acid
- Reversible rxn
, Alkenes → Diol - Answer>>- Acidified potassium manganate
- Purple to colourless
Halogenoalkane → Alcohol - Answer>>- Water
- warm Aqueous KOH and REFLUX
Compare reactivities of halogenoalkanes - Answer>>- aqueous
AgNO3, ethanol and R-X
R-X and H2O --> R-OH and X-
Halogenoalkanes → Nitriles - Answer>>- REFLUX
- KCN (ethanol)
Halogenoalkanes → amines - Answer>>- NH3 (ethanol)
- primary amine -> secondary ->
Halogenoalkane → alkene - Answer>>- KOH (ethanol)
- REFLUX
PRODUCTS: H20 and KBr
Alcohol → chloroalkanes - Answer>>- PCl5 or HCl (tertiary)
ROH + PCl5 --> POCl3 + RCl + HCl
Alcohol → bromoalkane - Answer>>- KBr and 50% conc sulfuric
acid
- RTP
Alcohol → iodoalkane - Answer>>- red phosphorus and iodine
in situ
ROH +PI3 --> RI + H3PO3
Reactions 2024 Complete exam study
Guide
Thermal Cracking - Answer>>- High temperatures (1000C)
- High pressure (up to 70atm)
- Produces ALKENES
- E.g. ethene --> polyethene
Catalytic Cracking - Answer>>- Zeolite catalyst
- Slight pressure
- High temperature (450C)
- Produces AROMATICS
Reformation - Answer>>Alkanes --> cycloalkanes/ aromatic
hydrocarbons
- Straight chain alkanes are a lot more likely to 'knock'
- Pt Catalyst (ct)
Alkene → Alkane - Answer>>- Hydrogen
- 150C
- Ni ct
- Hydrogenation
- Irreversible
Alkene → Halogenoalkane - Answer>>- Electrophilic Addition
- Bromine water
- Orange --> colourless
- Irreversible
Alkene → Alcohol - Answer>>- H20 (steam)
- 300C
- Phosphoric Acid
- Reversible rxn
, Alkenes → Diol - Answer>>- Acidified potassium manganate
- Purple to colourless
Halogenoalkane → Alcohol - Answer>>- Water
- warm Aqueous KOH and REFLUX
Compare reactivities of halogenoalkanes - Answer>>- aqueous
AgNO3, ethanol and R-X
R-X and H2O --> R-OH and X-
Halogenoalkanes → Nitriles - Answer>>- REFLUX
- KCN (ethanol)
Halogenoalkanes → amines - Answer>>- NH3 (ethanol)
- primary amine -> secondary ->
Halogenoalkane → alkene - Answer>>- KOH (ethanol)
- REFLUX
PRODUCTS: H20 and KBr
Alcohol → chloroalkanes - Answer>>- PCl5 or HCl (tertiary)
ROH + PCl5 --> POCl3 + RCl + HCl
Alcohol → bromoalkane - Answer>>- KBr and 50% conc sulfuric
acid
- RTP
Alcohol → iodoalkane - Answer>>- red phosphorus and iodine
in situ
ROH +PI3 --> RI + H3PO3
