WGU-INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE #3
Primary group - correct answer small group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-
to-face association and cooperation.
Secondary group - correct answer a large and impersonal social group whose members
pursue a specific goal or activity
In-Group - correct answer a group toward which one feels loyalty
Out-Group - correct answer a group toward which one feels antagonism
Dyad - correct answer group of two
Which social theorist was the first to analyze bureaucracies as powerful forms of social
organization that are concerned with the "bottom line"? - correct answer Max Weber
Role Strain - correct answer Conflict someone feels within a role
Suppose that you are exceptionally well prepared for a particular class assignment.
Although the instructor asks an unusually difficult question, you find yourself knowing
the answer when no one else does. If you want to raise your hand, yet don't want to
make your fellow students look bad, you will experience role strain.
____________ was interested in how societies manage to create social integration —
their members united by shared values and other social bonds. He found the answer in
what he called mechanical solidarity. - correct answer Sociologist Emile Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity - correct answer Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared
consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
Division of labor - correct answer the splitting of a group's or a society's tasks into
specialties
Organic solidarity - correct answer Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results
from the division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their
jobs
Which type of influence could convince people to participate in horrible acts according
to Milgram's research? - correct answer Authority
What is the position conflict theorists have regarding deviance? - correct answer
Deviant behavior is defined by those with power
Deviance - correct answer violation of the norms
, How is deviance culturally relative? - correct answer Applies to crimes, sexuality and
capitalism
Biosocial perspective on deviance - correct answer Explained deviance by looking
within individuals. Assume genetic predispositions lead people to bad behavior.
Psychological perspective on deviance - correct answer Abnormalities within an
individual. Personality disorder. Subconscious motives drive people to deviance.
Sociological perspective on deviance - correct answer Look at factors outside of the
individual. Look for social influences that "recruit people" to break the norms. To explain
deviance, they apply symbolic interactionalism, functionalism and conflict theory.
Three Sociological Perspectives on Deviance - correct answer Differential association
theory
Control Theory
Labeling Theory
Differential association theory - correct answer theory that individuals learn deviance in
proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to
Control Theory - correct answer the idea that two control systems- inner controls and
outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate. This theory is about self control
Labeling Theory - correct answer The significance of reputations and how they set us
up on paths to deviance or away from it.
Pervert - Cheater - Etc
Strain Theory - correct answer Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society
does not give all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
Use strain theory to explain why someone may commit the crime of selling drugs -
correct answer Selling Drugs = Money
Money = Success
Success = Cultural Goal
Grade Inflation - correct answer higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in
student grades without a corresponding increase in learning
What is the latent function of education institutions in the US? - correct answer
Encouragement of teamwork
Which religious group is so closely linked with the government and the dominant culture
that belonging to the group is part of the person's national identity? - correct answer
Ecclesia
Primary group - correct answer small group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-
to-face association and cooperation.
Secondary group - correct answer a large and impersonal social group whose members
pursue a specific goal or activity
In-Group - correct answer a group toward which one feels loyalty
Out-Group - correct answer a group toward which one feels antagonism
Dyad - correct answer group of two
Which social theorist was the first to analyze bureaucracies as powerful forms of social
organization that are concerned with the "bottom line"? - correct answer Max Weber
Role Strain - correct answer Conflict someone feels within a role
Suppose that you are exceptionally well prepared for a particular class assignment.
Although the instructor asks an unusually difficult question, you find yourself knowing
the answer when no one else does. If you want to raise your hand, yet don't want to
make your fellow students look bad, you will experience role strain.
____________ was interested in how societies manage to create social integration —
their members united by shared values and other social bonds. He found the answer in
what he called mechanical solidarity. - correct answer Sociologist Emile Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity - correct answer Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared
consciousness) that people feel as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
Division of labor - correct answer the splitting of a group's or a society's tasks into
specialties
Organic solidarity - correct answer Durkheim's term for the interdependence that results
from the division of labor; as part of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their
jobs
Which type of influence could convince people to participate in horrible acts according
to Milgram's research? - correct answer Authority
What is the position conflict theorists have regarding deviance? - correct answer
Deviant behavior is defined by those with power
Deviance - correct answer violation of the norms
, How is deviance culturally relative? - correct answer Applies to crimes, sexuality and
capitalism
Biosocial perspective on deviance - correct answer Explained deviance by looking
within individuals. Assume genetic predispositions lead people to bad behavior.
Psychological perspective on deviance - correct answer Abnormalities within an
individual. Personality disorder. Subconscious motives drive people to deviance.
Sociological perspective on deviance - correct answer Look at factors outside of the
individual. Look for social influences that "recruit people" to break the norms. To explain
deviance, they apply symbolic interactionalism, functionalism and conflict theory.
Three Sociological Perspectives on Deviance - correct answer Differential association
theory
Control Theory
Labeling Theory
Differential association theory - correct answer theory that individuals learn deviance in
proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to
Control Theory - correct answer the idea that two control systems- inner controls and
outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate. This theory is about self control
Labeling Theory - correct answer The significance of reputations and how they set us
up on paths to deviance or away from it.
Pervert - Cheater - Etc
Strain Theory - correct answer Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society
does not give all its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
Use strain theory to explain why someone may commit the crime of selling drugs -
correct answer Selling Drugs = Money
Money = Success
Success = Cultural Goal
Grade Inflation - correct answer higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in
student grades without a corresponding increase in learning
What is the latent function of education institutions in the US? - correct answer
Encouragement of teamwork
Which religious group is so closely linked with the government and the dominant culture
that belonging to the group is part of the person's national identity? - correct answer
Ecclesia
