Health and social care - unit 1
revision
growth - an increase in length or heigh, weight and dimensions
infants (principles of growth) - grow rapidly and will reach roughly half their adult height by the
age of 2
adolescents (principles of growth) - experience growth spurts during puberty
adulthood (principles of growth) - full height is reached by the start of early adulthood
what are the four principles of growth? - 1- growth rates are not constant
2- different parts of the body grow at different rates
3- growth rates vary between children
4- the growth rate of boys is usually faster on average than girls
when is head circumference measured? and why? - head circumference is measured at birth
and at 6-8 weeks to identify any abnormality in brain or skull growth
what do centile lines represent? - they represent the values of measurement from a large
number of children to show 'norms' of growth in each age group
what is physical development? - growth and other phsyical changes that happen to our body
throughout life
what is intellectual development? - development of language, memory and thinking skills
,what is emotional development? - ability to cope with feelings abobut ourselves and towards
other
what is social development? - the ability to form friendships and relationships and to learn to be
independent
gross motor skills (infancy 0-2) - - start to develop their gross motor skills from the head down
-around 6 months they gradually control muscles in their neck and back so they can roll, sit and
crawl
-around 11-13 months the muscles in their legs develop so that they can stand, cruise and walk
-at 2 years they can climb onto low furniture and propel sit on a toy
-at 2 1/2 years they can kick a ball
gross motor skills (early childhood 3-8) - - at 3-4 they can balance and walk along a line and run
forwards and backwards
- at 5-8 they can balance on a low beam and skip with a rope
- from about 3 they can pedal and control a tricycle
- by about 6 they can ride a bike
fine motor skills (newborn 0-12 months) - - grasp an adults finger
- by 3 months they will hold a rattle for a short time
- 6 months they will grasp a toy and pass it to their other hand
- 12 months they will pick up small objects using a pincer grasp
fine motor skills (18months-2years) - - 18 months can build with small bricks, use a spoon an
dmake marks with crayons using a palmar grasp
- at 2 years they can pull on their shoes and control their crayon to draw circles & dots
, fine motor skills (3-4 years) - - at 3 they are developing a tripod grasp
- they can use a fork and spoon, turn the pages of a book, and button and unbutton clothing
- at 4 years they will be able to thread small beads and colour in pictures
fine motor skills (5-8 years) - - at 5 they can control the muscles in their fingers to manipulate
the construction block and use hand-eye coordination to fit the pieces into the correct place
- can also write their own names forming letters correctly
- by the time they are 8 they will use joined up writing
physical development in adolescence - at what age does puberty take place? - - for girls it is
around 11-13 years
- for boys it is around 13-15 years
when does puberty start? - -puberty starts when a hormone in the brain sends a signal to the
pituitary gland
-this then releases hormones that stimulate the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys to produce
sex hormones
the role of hormons in sexual development (girls) - - the hormones oestrogen & progesterone
are produced by the ovaries
-they stimulate growth of the breasts & reproductive system & helps to regulate the menstrual
cycle
the role of hormons in sexual development (boys) - -the hormons testosterone is produced by
the testes
-it stimulates growth of the penis & testes, pubic hair growth, the development of muscle &
lowering of voice
revision
growth - an increase in length or heigh, weight and dimensions
infants (principles of growth) - grow rapidly and will reach roughly half their adult height by the
age of 2
adolescents (principles of growth) - experience growth spurts during puberty
adulthood (principles of growth) - full height is reached by the start of early adulthood
what are the four principles of growth? - 1- growth rates are not constant
2- different parts of the body grow at different rates
3- growth rates vary between children
4- the growth rate of boys is usually faster on average than girls
when is head circumference measured? and why? - head circumference is measured at birth
and at 6-8 weeks to identify any abnormality in brain or skull growth
what do centile lines represent? - they represent the values of measurement from a large
number of children to show 'norms' of growth in each age group
what is physical development? - growth and other phsyical changes that happen to our body
throughout life
what is intellectual development? - development of language, memory and thinking skills
,what is emotional development? - ability to cope with feelings abobut ourselves and towards
other
what is social development? - the ability to form friendships and relationships and to learn to be
independent
gross motor skills (infancy 0-2) - - start to develop their gross motor skills from the head down
-around 6 months they gradually control muscles in their neck and back so they can roll, sit and
crawl
-around 11-13 months the muscles in their legs develop so that they can stand, cruise and walk
-at 2 years they can climb onto low furniture and propel sit on a toy
-at 2 1/2 years they can kick a ball
gross motor skills (early childhood 3-8) - - at 3-4 they can balance and walk along a line and run
forwards and backwards
- at 5-8 they can balance on a low beam and skip with a rope
- from about 3 they can pedal and control a tricycle
- by about 6 they can ride a bike
fine motor skills (newborn 0-12 months) - - grasp an adults finger
- by 3 months they will hold a rattle for a short time
- 6 months they will grasp a toy and pass it to their other hand
- 12 months they will pick up small objects using a pincer grasp
fine motor skills (18months-2years) - - 18 months can build with small bricks, use a spoon an
dmake marks with crayons using a palmar grasp
- at 2 years they can pull on their shoes and control their crayon to draw circles & dots
, fine motor skills (3-4 years) - - at 3 they are developing a tripod grasp
- they can use a fork and spoon, turn the pages of a book, and button and unbutton clothing
- at 4 years they will be able to thread small beads and colour in pictures
fine motor skills (5-8 years) - - at 5 they can control the muscles in their fingers to manipulate
the construction block and use hand-eye coordination to fit the pieces into the correct place
- can also write their own names forming letters correctly
- by the time they are 8 they will use joined up writing
physical development in adolescence - at what age does puberty take place? - - for girls it is
around 11-13 years
- for boys it is around 13-15 years
when does puberty start? - -puberty starts when a hormone in the brain sends a signal to the
pituitary gland
-this then releases hormones that stimulate the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys to produce
sex hormones
the role of hormons in sexual development (girls) - - the hormones oestrogen & progesterone
are produced by the ovaries
-they stimulate growth of the breasts & reproductive system & helps to regulate the menstrual
cycle
the role of hormons in sexual development (boys) - -the hormons testosterone is produced by
the testes
-it stimulates growth of the penis & testes, pubic hair growth, the development of muscle &
lowering of voice
