1. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
2. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
,Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
3. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
4. Which hormone is most deficient in central
diabetes insipidus?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH (vasopressin)
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
,Answer: B
Rationale: Central DI is due to a deficiency of
antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to polyuria and
polydipsia.
5. Which condition is characterized by destruction of
acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular
junction?
A. Guillain-Barré syndrome
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. ALS
Answer: C
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune
disorder affecting neuromuscular transmission by
targeting ACh receptors.
6. Which of the following is most associated with
aortic dissection?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Anemia
, D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: B
Rationale: Marfan syndrome weakens connective
tissue, predisposing to aortic dissection.
7. A myocardial infarction causes myocardial cell
death primarily due to:
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Ventricular fibrillation
C. Ischemia from coronary artery occlusion
D. Aortic dissection
Answer: C
Rationale: MI is most commonly caused by
atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus
formation, leading to ischemia.
8. Which of the following conditions is most likely to
cause a left shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve?
A. Increased temperature
B. Increased 2,3-BPG
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
2. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
,Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
3. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
4. Which hormone is most deficient in central
diabetes insipidus?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH (vasopressin)
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
,Answer: B
Rationale: Central DI is due to a deficiency of
antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to polyuria and
polydipsia.
5. Which condition is characterized by destruction of
acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular
junction?
A. Guillain-Barré syndrome
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Myasthenia gravis
D. ALS
Answer: C
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune
disorder affecting neuromuscular transmission by
targeting ACh receptors.
6. Which of the following is most associated with
aortic dissection?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Anemia
, D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: B
Rationale: Marfan syndrome weakens connective
tissue, predisposing to aortic dissection.
7. A myocardial infarction causes myocardial cell
death primarily due to:
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Ventricular fibrillation
C. Ischemia from coronary artery occlusion
D. Aortic dissection
Answer: C
Rationale: MI is most commonly caused by
atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus
formation, leading to ischemia.
8. Which of the following conditions is most likely to
cause a left shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve?
A. Increased temperature
B. Increased 2,3-BPG
