PCOL 838b Exam 1
MHC Class I - ANS-display antigens from intracellular pathogens
interact with CD8
expressed on ALL cells
MCH Class II - ANS-display antigens from extracellular pathogens.
interact with CD4
expressed on APCs
humoral immunity - ANS-antibody-mediated immunity
involves B cells
cell-mediated immunity - ANS-type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected
or abnormal body cells
isotype of antibody - ANS-determined by constant region of heavy chain
somatic recombination - ANS-gene segments of antibody rearrange to form variable
domain gene
junctional diversity - ANS-source of antibody diversity
RAG yields DNA hairpin which is then cleaved, TdT adds nucleotides at random, gaps
filled by DNA synthesis
isotope class switching - ANS-VDJ region is brought to a new constant region of the
heavy chain
heavy chain constant region determined by cytokines
constant region=isotype
isotype class switching signals - ANS-1. CD40 ligand (on T cell) interacts with CD40 on
B cell
2. Cytokine determines isotype class
memory B cell formation - ANS-1. B cell interacts with T cell via antigen-MHC and
CD40-CD40 L
2. Cytokine released from T cell
-IL-10 forms plasma cells; IL-4 forms memory cells (IgG antibodies)
, chemokine receptors - ANS-GPCRs
cytokine IL-2, IL-15, IL-4 receptors - ANS-share one common gamma chain
NBT test - ANS-nitro blue tetrazolium used to test macrophage function
if macrophage does not turn blue = inactive
X-linked agamma globulinemia - ANS-loss of Btk tyrosinekinase
NO B cell formation
X-linked hyper IgM - ANS-defective CD40 ligand
NO isotype switching
DiGeorge's Syndrome - ANS-lack fully functional thymus
decrease in T cells
AIDS - ANS-CD4 could <200
HIV - ANS-attacks CD4 T cells and chemokine receptors CCR5/CXCR4
type I hypersensitivity - ANS-IgE mediated allergic reactions
airway remodeling - ANS-permanent structural changes in airway membrane (thicker),
mucous build up, inflammation, narrowing of airway, and muscle constriction
corticosteroid - ANS-repress cytokine expression
ex: fluticasone
chromones - ANS-stabilize mast cell to prevent granule release
ex: sodium chromoglycate
beta-2-adrenergic agonists - ANS-cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
ex: albuterol
leukotriene receptor agonists - ANS-inhibit bronchoconstriction and inflammation
ex: montelukast
anti-cholinergics - ANS-block nerve signal that causes bronchoconstriction
ex: ipratropium
MHC Class I - ANS-display antigens from intracellular pathogens
interact with CD8
expressed on ALL cells
MCH Class II - ANS-display antigens from extracellular pathogens.
interact with CD4
expressed on APCs
humoral immunity - ANS-antibody-mediated immunity
involves B cells
cell-mediated immunity - ANS-type of immunity produced by T cells that attack infected
or abnormal body cells
isotype of antibody - ANS-determined by constant region of heavy chain
somatic recombination - ANS-gene segments of antibody rearrange to form variable
domain gene
junctional diversity - ANS-source of antibody diversity
RAG yields DNA hairpin which is then cleaved, TdT adds nucleotides at random, gaps
filled by DNA synthesis
isotope class switching - ANS-VDJ region is brought to a new constant region of the
heavy chain
heavy chain constant region determined by cytokines
constant region=isotype
isotype class switching signals - ANS-1. CD40 ligand (on T cell) interacts with CD40 on
B cell
2. Cytokine determines isotype class
memory B cell formation - ANS-1. B cell interacts with T cell via antigen-MHC and
CD40-CD40 L
2. Cytokine released from T cell
-IL-10 forms plasma cells; IL-4 forms memory cells (IgG antibodies)
, chemokine receptors - ANS-GPCRs
cytokine IL-2, IL-15, IL-4 receptors - ANS-share one common gamma chain
NBT test - ANS-nitro blue tetrazolium used to test macrophage function
if macrophage does not turn blue = inactive
X-linked agamma globulinemia - ANS-loss of Btk tyrosinekinase
NO B cell formation
X-linked hyper IgM - ANS-defective CD40 ligand
NO isotype switching
DiGeorge's Syndrome - ANS-lack fully functional thymus
decrease in T cells
AIDS - ANS-CD4 could <200
HIV - ANS-attacks CD4 T cells and chemokine receptors CCR5/CXCR4
type I hypersensitivity - ANS-IgE mediated allergic reactions
airway remodeling - ANS-permanent structural changes in airway membrane (thicker),
mucous build up, inflammation, narrowing of airway, and muscle constriction
corticosteroid - ANS-repress cytokine expression
ex: fluticasone
chromones - ANS-stabilize mast cell to prevent granule release
ex: sodium chromoglycate
beta-2-adrenergic agonists - ANS-cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
ex: albuterol
leukotriene receptor agonists - ANS-inhibit bronchoconstriction and inflammation
ex: montelukast
anti-cholinergics - ANS-block nerve signal that causes bronchoconstriction
ex: ipratropium
