Chapter 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology


MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The anatomic term ____ means toward the midline.
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. medial
d. cranial
ANS: C
The term medial indicates an anatomic direction toward the midline.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 1 OBJ: 2
TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

2. What are the smallest living components in our body?
a. Cells
b. Organs
c. Electrons
d. Osmosis
ANS: A
Cells are considered to be the smallest living units of structure and function in our body.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 4 OBJ: 6
TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

3. What is the largest organelle, responsible for cell reproduction and control of other
organelles?
a. Nucleus
b. Ribosome
c. Mitochondrion
d. Golgi apparatus
ANS: A
The nucleus is the largest organelle within the cell.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 5 OBJ: 8
TOP: Parts of the cell KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

4. When the patient complains of pain in the bladder, the patient will indicate discomfort in
which body cavity?
a.Pelvic
b.Mediastinum
c.Dorsal
d.Abdominal

, ANS: A
A subdivision called the pelvic cavity contains the lower portion of the large intestine (lower
sigmoid colon, rectum), urinary bladder, and internal structures of the reproductive system.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 3, Figure 1-4
OBJ: 5 TOP: Body cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

5. The four phases of cell division all occur in:
a. diffusion.
b. mitosis.
c. osmosis.
d. filtration.
ANS: B
During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 7 OBJ: 9
TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

6. Telophase is which phase of cell reproduction during mitosis?
a. First phase
b. Latent phase
c. Final phase
d. Spindle phase
ANS: C
During mitosis, the cell goes through four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 7 OBJ: 9
TOP: Cell division KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

7. The nurse is aware that which muscle group is both striated and involuntary?
a. Skeletal
b. Glial
c. Cardiac
d. Visceral
ANS: C
The cardiac muscle is both striated and involuntary.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 9-10, Figure 1-12
OBJ: 11 TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

8. What is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that together they can perform
a more complex function than any tissue alone?
a. Organ