Nursing NR222 Exam 1 Health and
Wellness Questions and answers
Health Care Models - ANSWER-Health Belief model
Health Promotion model
Transtheoretical model
Holistic model
Health belief model - ANSWER-what the patient believes, perception, behavior to
plan care that is most effective when assisting this patient.
has 3 components:
1) individual perceptions of susceptibility to an illness
2) modifying factors to the seriousness of the illness
3) likelihood of action that a person will take preventative action
Health promotion model - ANSWER-defines health as a positive, dynamic states,
not merely the absence of disease.
passive and active, passive is having awareness but active is doing it and
engaging
Focuses on three areas,
1. individual characteristics and experiences
2) behavior-specific knowledge and effect
3) behavioral outcomes, in which patient commits to changes
Transtheoretical Model - ANSWER-Model of behavior change that identifies six
distinct stages people go through in altering behavior patterns; also called the
stages of change model
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse
,Holistic Model - ANSWER-encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional,
social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health
whole body, mind, spirit, natural method of healing like alternative medicine like
music therapy, relaxation technique
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-the understanding the interrelationship
of basic human needs.
Physiological (food, oxygen, shelter), safety & security (physical and
psychological), love & belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization
Healthy people 2020 - ANSWER-Promotes a society which all people live a long
healthy life road map for improving the health of all people in the US
How many overarching goals of Healthy people 2020? - ANSWER-4 overarching
goals
1) Attain high quality of life, free of preventable diseases
2) Achieve healthy equity, eliminating health disparities & improve the health
3) Create social and physical environment that promotes good health
4) Promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors
Leading Health Indicators of Health people 2020 - ANSWER-11 leading health
indicators
examples
1) access to health care
2) clinical preventative services
3)environmental quality
4) injury and violence
5) maternal, infant and child health
6) mental health
7) nutrition, physical activity, and obesity
8) oral health
9) reproductive and sexual health
10) social determinants
11) tobacco
,Levels of prevention - ANSWER-primary, secondary, tertiary
Primary prevention - ANSWER-are true preventions that lower the chance to
develop diseases. For example healthy life choices, disease prevention,
screening for risk factors
Primary prevention examples:
immunizations
health education
proper nutrition
maternal/child health care
family planning
control of diseases
Secondary prevention - ANSWER-Early diagnosis and prompt treatment before
disease becomes advanced and disability severe. You are actively looking for the
disease
examples:
emergency care
acute med-surge care
radiological procedures for acute problems - x-rays or CT scans
crisis prevention
psychiatric nursing
intensive care
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER-managing a disease or disability. You have the
disease now you are looking to get back to optimal health
provision of medically related services and equipment to patients and families in
their homes for example:
Home health
rehabilitation
restorative
respiratory therapy
speech therapy
continuing care in hospice or assisted living
, Risk factors - ANSWER-any situation, habit, or other variables such as social,
environmental, physiological, psychological, developmental, intellectual, or
spirtiual that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or
accident.
Pre-contemplation Stage - ANSWER-Stage of change in which people are
unwilling to change behavior
Contemplation stage - ANSWER-stage of change in which people are
considering changing behavior in the next 6 months
Preparation Stage - ANSWER-stage of change in which people are getting ready
to make a change within the coming month
Action Stage - ANSWER-Stage of change in which people are actively changing
a negative behavior or adopting a new, healthy behavior
Maintenance Stage - ANSWER-sustained change over time; begins six months
after an action has started and continued indefinitely
Health Variables - ANSWER-influences a patient health belief and practice
through internal and external variables
Internal Variables - ANSWER-developmental stage
intellectual background perception of functioning
emotional factors
spiritual factors
External Variables - ANSWER-family practices
socioeconomic factors
cultural background
Nursing - ANSWER-the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of
individuals, families, communities, and populations
Wellness Questions and answers
Health Care Models - ANSWER-Health Belief model
Health Promotion model
Transtheoretical model
Holistic model
Health belief model - ANSWER-what the patient believes, perception, behavior to
plan care that is most effective when assisting this patient.
has 3 components:
1) individual perceptions of susceptibility to an illness
2) modifying factors to the seriousness of the illness
3) likelihood of action that a person will take preventative action
Health promotion model - ANSWER-defines health as a positive, dynamic states,
not merely the absence of disease.
passive and active, passive is having awareness but active is doing it and
engaging
Focuses on three areas,
1. individual characteristics and experiences
2) behavior-specific knowledge and effect
3) behavioral outcomes, in which patient commits to changes
Transtheoretical Model - ANSWER-Model of behavior change that identifies six
distinct stages people go through in altering behavior patterns; also called the
stages of change model
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse
,Holistic Model - ANSWER-encompasses the physiological, mental, emotional,
social, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health
whole body, mind, spirit, natural method of healing like alternative medicine like
music therapy, relaxation technique
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-the understanding the interrelationship
of basic human needs.
Physiological (food, oxygen, shelter), safety & security (physical and
psychological), love & belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization
Healthy people 2020 - ANSWER-Promotes a society which all people live a long
healthy life road map for improving the health of all people in the US
How many overarching goals of Healthy people 2020? - ANSWER-4 overarching
goals
1) Attain high quality of life, free of preventable diseases
2) Achieve healthy equity, eliminating health disparities & improve the health
3) Create social and physical environment that promotes good health
4) Promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors
Leading Health Indicators of Health people 2020 - ANSWER-11 leading health
indicators
examples
1) access to health care
2) clinical preventative services
3)environmental quality
4) injury and violence
5) maternal, infant and child health
6) mental health
7) nutrition, physical activity, and obesity
8) oral health
9) reproductive and sexual health
10) social determinants
11) tobacco
,Levels of prevention - ANSWER-primary, secondary, tertiary
Primary prevention - ANSWER-are true preventions that lower the chance to
develop diseases. For example healthy life choices, disease prevention,
screening for risk factors
Primary prevention examples:
immunizations
health education
proper nutrition
maternal/child health care
family planning
control of diseases
Secondary prevention - ANSWER-Early diagnosis and prompt treatment before
disease becomes advanced and disability severe. You are actively looking for the
disease
examples:
emergency care
acute med-surge care
radiological procedures for acute problems - x-rays or CT scans
crisis prevention
psychiatric nursing
intensive care
Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER-managing a disease or disability. You have the
disease now you are looking to get back to optimal health
provision of medically related services and equipment to patients and families in
their homes for example:
Home health
rehabilitation
restorative
respiratory therapy
speech therapy
continuing care in hospice or assisted living
, Risk factors - ANSWER-any situation, habit, or other variables such as social,
environmental, physiological, psychological, developmental, intellectual, or
spirtiual that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or
accident.
Pre-contemplation Stage - ANSWER-Stage of change in which people are
unwilling to change behavior
Contemplation stage - ANSWER-stage of change in which people are
considering changing behavior in the next 6 months
Preparation Stage - ANSWER-stage of change in which people are getting ready
to make a change within the coming month
Action Stage - ANSWER-Stage of change in which people are actively changing
a negative behavior or adopting a new, healthy behavior
Maintenance Stage - ANSWER-sustained change over time; begins six months
after an action has started and continued indefinitely
Health Variables - ANSWER-influences a patient health belief and practice
through internal and external variables
Internal Variables - ANSWER-developmental stage
intellectual background perception of functioning
emotional factors
spiritual factors
External Variables - ANSWER-family practices
socioeconomic factors
cultural background
Nursing - ANSWER-the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the
diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of
individuals, families, communities, and populations
