PSYC 2301 Final Exam Correctly Answered Questions| UpToDate | Already Graded A+

Factors that Influence symptoms : - Individual differences/personality - Cultural differences - Situational factors - Stress - Mood Schema (illness representation) : A patients own beliefs about their illnesses; what they know about their disease/symptoms - helps them to explain. Five components of illness schemas : - Identity (label) - Consequences - Causes - Duration - Cure Models of illness 2 | P a g e : Most individuals have 3 models of illness: - Acute illness - Chronic illness - Cyclic illness Acute illness : Bacterial or viral, short duration. E.g. standard cold or flu; lasts a couple of weeks and then it is gone. Chronic illness : Multi-factorial, long duration. Usually have for life; no clear cure. E.g. Diabetes Cyclic illness : Alternating period of activity - being sick, and then being well, etc. Interpretation of symptoms - additional influencers : - Lay referral network - input from friends, family, peers - Internet - background info, lifestyle modification Predictors of Health Service Users : - Age - Gender 3 | P a g e - Socio-economic status (SES) - Culture - Social psychological Age : - Newborns use the system during birth - Children/teens use it less (generally healthy) - Late adulthood - health complications start; access of system increases - Elderly - use the system the most Gender : - Women use the system more than men - Women give birth, are more prone to seeking help, more proactive, etc. Socio-economic status (SES) : - High SES = less use of system, more use of specialists - Low SeS = high use of system, less use of specialists Culture : - Visible minorities use the system more; less use of specialists - Ethnics made 4 + visits - Linguistic barriers - seen a lot in Canada - Perceived quality of care 4 | P a g e Social Psychological : - Individual attitude/beliefs about symptoms and health care (if you think negatively about the system, you are most likely going to have a negative experience; negative thinking) - Health belief model predictors: 1. Perceived threat to health - perception of severity influences help seeking 2. Belief of efficacy of intervention - knowing that there is a clear treatment will increase likeliness to seek help. Not knowing decreases likeliness. Misuse of Health Services : Instances where the system is used incorrectly: - Physical symptoms associated with emotional disturbances - Symptoms triggered by psychological drivers - Worried well individuals - Somatacizers - Secondary gains