HNF 150 - MSU Exam 1 Questions & Answers Already Graded A +

What is nutrition? - Answer-study of how food nourishes the body Vitamin C - Answer-protects cells against damage important for healthy gums and skin helps absorb iron prevents scurvy What are nutrients? - Answer-components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning What do nutrients provide? - Answer-energy serve as building material maintain or repair body parts supports growth "Essential" Nutrients - Answer-must be obtained from an external source because we can't make them ourselves or can't make enough Type of Nutrients - Answer-Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals What are calories? - Answer-1 calorie = the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water 1 degree CelsiusNutrient Density - Answer-foods rich in nutrients relative to their energy content (calories) *usually whole foods Why measure diet and nutrition? - Answer-- characterize dietary patterns of individuals - assess exposure to food, nutrients and non-nutrients - identify population groups who do not have adequate nutrition for preventing diseases How do we measure diet and nutrition? - Answer-Anthropometric methods Clinical examination Diet Questionaries Biomarkers Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) - Answer-measures usual amounts of foods commonly eaten over a time period Biomarkers - Answer-measure nutrients or metabolites in bio fluids (blood, urine, saliva, tissues, hair nails, skin, etc.) Type of Studies - Answer-Case studies Epidemiological studies Intervention studies Laboratory studies Case Studies - Answer-studies of individuals Epidemiological Studies - Answer-studies of population, often used in nutrition to search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence Intervention Studies - Answer-studies of population in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population membersLaboratory Studies - Answer-studies that are performed under tightly controlled conditions and are designed to pinpoint cause and effect Experimental Group - Answer-group or animals participating in an experiment that receives the treatment under investigation Control Group - Answer-group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to the group being treated, but receive a sham treatment(placebo) Energy Yield - Answer-provide kcalories Refined - Answer-lost nutrients during processing