Ocean 100 Sacramentogrilo Final Exam Questions And Answers (Updated And Verified)

Ocean 100 Sacramentogrilo Final Exam Questions And Answers (Updated And Verified) Biological productivity - answersynthesis of organic materials from inorganic substances by photosynthesis/chemosynthesis what are the inputs & outputs of photosynthesis? - answerinputs: water, carbon dioxide, & sun energy outputs: sugar & oxygen (6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight - > C6H12O6 + 6O2) what are the different types of light penetration in the oceans? - answer1. red/orange = turned into heat energy b/c they cannot reach all the way down 2. green/blue/purple = farthest reaching light euphotic zone - answerlight zone; extends from the surface down to the compensation depth for photosynthesis, which is approx. 200m (330ft) in the open ocean what are the 3 broad groups of sea "plants"? - answer1. seed plants (true plants) 2. protists 3. cyanobacteria seed plants (true plants) - answer1. eukaryotic 2. occur exclusively in shallow coastal areas 3. typically found in high-energy environments (intertidal zones) 4. ex. grasses & mangroves protists - answer1. eukaryotic 2. ex. large algae (brown, green, & red), phytoplankton, diatoms, coccolithophores, & dinoflagellates cyanobacteria - answer1. prokaryotic 2. FIRST photosynthesizers (3.5bya) 3. ex. blue/green algae why are seed "plants" (true plants) all autotrophs? - answerthey produce their own food what is taken from algae for our use? which kind? - answercarrageenan, which is used as a thickener & emulsifier, is derived from RED algae what regions have high productivity? why? - answer1. polar regions b/c there is NO thermocline (waters are constantly upwelling & downwelling b/c it is cold) 2. coastal regions b/c of upwelling due to ekman flow & nutrients from land 3. coral reefs what regions have low productivity? why? - answersubtropical regions b/c there is a STABLE thermocline & far away from land (does not get nutrients) what is the most abundant of all sea "plants"? - answerphytoplankton what are the trophic levels in order (top to bottom)? - answer1. top predators 2. secondary consumers 3. primary consumers 4. primary producers how much energy is lost & absorbed per trophic level? - answer10% is absorbed, 90% is lost autotrophs - answer1. producers 2. photosynthetic 3. produce their own food heterotrophs - answer1. consumers 2. all animals 3. must consume other organisms what are some examples of vertebrates? - answer1. amphibians 2. reptiles 3. fish 4. birds 5. mammals