ETS Major Field Test – Chemistry Questions and Answers 100% Accurate.

isomers are two compounds with the same molecular formula that are different - ANSWER-what are isomers 1. Structural (constitutional) isomers 2. Stereoisomers (two types) - enantiomers and diasteromers 3. Geometric isomers (also known as cis and trans isomers) - ANSWER-What are the three types of isomers? different bonding arrangement of atoms. atoms are bonded together in a different sequence - ANSWER-what is a structural (constitutional) isomer? stereoisomers: atoms are bonded together in the same sequence, but have different 3-D arrangement in space enantiomers: non-superimposable mirror images diasteromers: stereoisomers that are not enantiomers: not superimposable and not mirror images - ANSWER-what is a stereoisomer? what are the two types of stereoisomers? an atom that has four different groups attached to it - ANSWER-what is a chiral atom? -R configuration - clockwise -S configuration - counterclockwise - ANSWER-If a chiral atoms is in the "R" configuration, in what direction does the arc go? if a chiral atom is in the "S" configuration, in what direction does the arc go? at least 2 - ANSWER-how many chiral centers does a diastereomer need to have? the larger the molecular weight, the lower the water solubility - ANSWER-how does molecular weight relate to water-solubility? -increases water solubility -alcohols, amines, C=O, ethers, and F - ANSWER--How does the presence of hydrogen-bonding change the water-solubility? -What can hydrogen-bond with water? The more linear, the less water soluble, due to a greater non-polar surface area than a branched molecule of the same molecular weight - ANSWER-What shape of a molecule can make a substance less water-soluble and why the larger the molecular weight, the higher the boiling point. - ANSWER-How does molecular weight relate to boiling point? The more linear, the higher boiling point, due to a greater surface area than a branched molecule of the same molecular weight.The more surface area, the more chances for van der Waals attractions. - ANSWER-what shape of a molecule can make a molecule have a