Forensic Psychology Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

Forensic Psychology Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Outline restorative justice schemes - answerthey involve the offender coming face to face with their victim who takes an active role in the process. A trained mediator helps the victim and offender discuss the crime and consequences for them both apart from face to face interactions how else can restorative justice systems be used - answer. the offender could pay for damage caused . the offender could physically repair the damage they caused . these are particularly used in young offender cases evaluate the restorative justice scheme - answer+ it is flexible. It can be used as an alternative to custodial sentencing, as an additional response and can be tailored to the individual needs of victim and offender + deeper way of dealing with offender behaviour. If used effectively it should lead to permeanent behaviour change - success relies on the idea the offender can feel remorse for their actions. Biological explanations of criminality suggest criminals lack empathy which suggests criminals could be faking - the organisation 'women's aid' has been formed off the back of this which advocates for it not being used in domestic violence cases due to power dynamics and if it is used then there should be a special therapist present - the success is objectively hard to measure short term what is Freud's idea of the psychodynamic explanation of criminal behaviour - answerrevolves around the idea of an inadequate superego which forms during the phallic stage of development through identification with the same sex parent. If the superego is inadequate then the ID has too much power and criminal behaviour is inevitable what are the three types of superego's - answer. Weak superego- same sex parent is absent, no identification or internalisation, criminal behaviour is likely . Deviant superego- same sex parent is deviant, criminal behaviour is internalised . Over-harsh superego- identifying with a severely harsh same sex parent, overactive superego, individual subconsciously desires punishment leading to criminal behaviour evaluate Freud's psycodynamic explanations of criminal behaviour - answer- demonstrates gender bias. Freud believed due to castration anxiety not pressuring girls to identify with their mothers, they were less likely to do so leading to criminal behaviour. This is wrong- prison stats say 93% male population. - lack of evidence and unethical. Socially sensitive to say single parent families or same sex couples will raise criminals. There is no supporting evidence - unfalsifiable. Superego concept is not measurable and cannot be tested empirically. Not scientific what is Bowlby's theory of psychodynamic explanations into criminal behaviour - answerBowlby's maternal deprivation theory applies. If an infant is unable to form a continuous attachment with their mother during the critical period they may develop criminal tendencies (behavioural and intellectual difficulties). Bowlby identifies affectionless psychopathy (complete inability to feel guilt and empathy) as a consequence evaluate Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory as a psychodynamic explanation for criminal behaviour - answer. 44 Juvenile thieves study . 44 teen criminals accused of stealing were interviewed to see if they had affectionless psychopathy whilst their parents were interviewed to see if they had suffered maternal deprivation . 14/44 were affectionless psychopaths and 12/14 had suffered maternal deprivation . 5 non-psychopaths had suffered maternal deprivation evaluate Bowlby's 44 juvenile thieves study - answer- Bowlby carried out the interviews himself so there was little inter-rater reliability - parents memories are unreliable due to forgetting or social desirability bias - Lewis replicated the study with 500 teens and found no link define offender profiling - answerthe process of using all the available information about a crime, including the scene and victim to profile the offender and narrow down a list of suspects. Provides possible characteristics of the offender, when/where they might next commit a crime and interview strategies for getting a confession what is the top-down approach of offender profiling - answerused and designed by the FBI. Involves the creation of general typologies of criminal behaviour based on interviews with serial killers. Also involves matching types of criminals to features of crimes. what are the two types of criminals according to the top-down approach - answer. Organised- intelligent, mobile, crimes are planned and controlled involving restraints and removal of evidence