Pathophysiology Exam 1 Content – Chapter 1,2,3 and 4

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Content – Chapter 1,2,3 and 4 1. Eukaryotic cells - complex - membrane bound with membrane bound organelles - well defined nucleus with several chromosomes 2. Prokaryotic cells - simple - lack membrane bound organelles - lack a nucleus examples of eukaryotic cells humans, plants, animals, fungi, protists examples of prokaryotic cells bacteria, algae 3. 3 key components of eukaryotic cells 1. cell membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. nucleus cell membrane - made of lipids and proteins - surrounds cell and protects contents of cell from toxins & foreign substances that could cause harm - outer surface made of caveolae which function to provide storage sites for receptors & provide transport pathway into and out of cell; also helps with signaling into cell 4. List the seven organelles 1. endoplasmic reticulum 2. cytoskeleton 3. mitochondria 4. golgi proteins 5. lysosomes 6. ribosomes 7. nucleus endoplasmic reticulum packages and transports protein and lipid components cytoskeleton maintains structure of cell, forms cell extensions mitochondria cellular energy metabolism & ATP generation golgi proteins makes, processes, and packages proteins lysosomes contains digestive enzymes to break down proteins ribosomes sites for cellular protein synthesis nucleus cell division and control of genetic information cellular functions - Movement - Conductivity - Metabolic absorption - Secretion - Excretion - Respiration - Reproduction - Communication - Plasma membrane-bound receptors - Ligands (hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, infectious agents, drugs, etc) - Intracellular junction - Gap junctions 3 forms of chemical signaling 1. Autocrine 2. Paracrine 3. Hormonal (endocrine) autocrine signaling cell secretes a chemical signal to itself Ex: a cancer cell auto-proliferates