Biology 235- Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved 2024

Biology 235- Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Solved 2024 •circulatory- transport materials between cells of body •digestive- breaks down food to be transported into body •endocrine- coordination of body function •immune- defend against foreign invaders •integumentary- protect against external environment •musculoskeletal- support and movement of body •nervous- coordinate body function using electrical signal •reproductive- to reproduce •respiratory- bringing air in and out of the body •urinary- waste removal; maintain water - Answer- List the 10 organ (body) systems and describe one function for each of them. Table 1-1 Anatomy is the study of structure while physiology is the study of what? - Answer- Physiology is the study of function and how the body part does what it does Explain your understanding of homeostasis. Note the difference between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). In addition to blood plasma, what constitutes the ECF? - Answer- Homeostasis is the body's tendency to maintain a certain internal environment. The body's internal environment is extracellular fluid which contains blood plasma and interstitial fluid. extracellular fluid is everything inside the body but outside the cell. Intracellular fluid is fluid within the cells List 5 factors/homeostatic balances in the body need to be maintained within certain limits. Why must these factors be maintained? - Answer- oxygen lvls, glucose lvls, temperature, pH, salt and water. these factors must be maintained because our body can only function in a certain range. For each of the five factors you listed, mention one body systems involved with their homeostasis. - Answer- oxygen lvl- respiratory, glucose lvls- digestive, temperature- circulatory, pH- respiratory, salt and water- urinary Draw an animal cell including the following structures: cell membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and lysosomes. - Answer- DRAW ON PAPER! In what part of the cell are chromosomes located? - Answer- the nucleus What is the function of ribosomes? Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus? - Answer- •ribosomes is where proteins are made •rough ER is stubbed with ribosomes and responsible for assembly of proteins •golgi apparatus- modify, transport, sorting molecules Briefly, what is the mitochondria? Lysosomes? - Answer- •mitochondria- where ATP is made •lysosome- responsible for waste Explain the difference between desmosomes and tight junctions. Fig. 3.8 - Answer- DESMOSOMES anchor cells to each other and TIGHT JUNCTION anchor cells and prevent fluid and molecules from moving between cells What type of molecules can pass freely through the lipid-bilayer part of the cell membrane? What properties determine if a molecule will pass through? Fig. 5.7 - Answer- hydrophobic molecules can pass freely. concentration gradient determines if the molecule will pass freely Explain what a concentration gradient is. Can molecules flow up their concentration gradient? Explain. - Answer- Concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a substance in two places. One side is high and the other is low in concentration. Molecules can flow up their concentration gradient. Flowing against it requires active transport because energy is needed for the substance that is low in one place to move on to the higher concentration side. Besides structural, list 3 other functions of membrane proteins. Fig. 5.8 - Answer- can be catalyst, receptors, and transporters Explain the difference between facilitative diffusion and simple diffusion. - Answer- facilitative diffusion requires protein transporter while simple diffusion doesn't Explain the difference between active and passive transport. - Answer- active transport requires energy while passive transport requires no energy