Formulae, equations and amounts of substance
Sulfate Phosphate
Sulfite Chlorate
Thiosulfate Hypochlorite
Hydrogensulfate Hydroxide
Hydrogencarbonate Dichromate
Carbonate Chromate
Nitrate Permanganate
Nitrite Ammonium
Ionic Equations: Spectator ions not involved in equation, charge must be equal on both sides
RAM: Average (weighted mean) mass of an atom of an element relative to one-twelfth of the mass
of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
RFM: Substitute ‘atom’ for ‘species’ RMM: Substitute ‘atom’ for ‘molecule’
Molar mass: mass of 1 mole of a substance units: g/mol or gmol⁻1
Avogadro Constant: the number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12/ 6.02 x 10‸2323
Mole: Amount of a substance that contains the Avogadro Constant number of atoms, molecules or
groups of ions.
Mass (g) Moles
Moles x RAM Vol. (dm3) x Conc. (moldm-3)
Number of particles
Moles x Avogadro’s Constant
Hydrated salt: One that contains water of crystallisation
Water of crystallisation: Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure
Sulfate Phosphate
Sulfite Chlorate
Thiosulfate Hypochlorite
Hydrogensulfate Hydroxide
Hydrogencarbonate Dichromate
Carbonate Chromate
Nitrate Permanganate
Nitrite Ammonium
Ionic Equations: Spectator ions not involved in equation, charge must be equal on both sides
RAM: Average (weighted mean) mass of an atom of an element relative to one-twelfth of the mass
of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
RFM: Substitute ‘atom’ for ‘species’ RMM: Substitute ‘atom’ for ‘molecule’
Molar mass: mass of 1 mole of a substance units: g/mol or gmol⁻1
Avogadro Constant: the number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12/ 6.02 x 10‸2323
Mole: Amount of a substance that contains the Avogadro Constant number of atoms, molecules or
groups of ions.
Mass (g) Moles
Moles x RAM Vol. (dm3) x Conc. (moldm-3)
Number of particles
Moles x Avogadro’s Constant
Hydrated salt: One that contains water of crystallisation
Water of crystallisation: Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure
