WVU FIS 201 FINAL Questions And Answers.

Forensic - Forum: place of debate Court of law Science - Method of study used to empirically understand and describe the physical universe Fallibilism - Awareness that there could be alternative explanations 17th & 18th Century - Medicine 19th Century - Medicine, chemistry, law, photography 20th Century - Microscopy, fingerprints, pathology, chemistry, etc... Alexander Lacassagne - - professor of forensic medicine @ Lyon university - wide ranging interests: decomposition, ballistics, bloodstains - advocated that society, not heredity, was responsible for crime Dr. Joseph Bell - - medical lecturer - "observe carefully, deduce shrewdly, and confirm with evidence - Inspo. for Sherlock Holmes Hans Gross - - introduced the word and concept of Kriminalistik - how can science help investigators? - 1912: founded institute of criminalistics Pathology (death investigation) - the body and damage to itAnthropology - Skeletal Identification Odontology - definition and bite marks Entomology - insects on body Pathology ( biological science) - trauma to the body serology - body fluid identification DNA analysis - identification based on genetics Criminalistics - shoe prints, fingerprints, blood spatter, firearms, hairs, fibers, paint, glass, soil, questioned documents: handwriting Forensic chemistry - Drug identification, toxicology, arson and explosives, questioned documents: ink/paper, trace evidence: paint/glass/hairs/fibers Digital forensics - recovery, video imaging enhancing, speaker identification, biometrics Crimonology - - application of psychology and sociology - tries to explain the causes of crime - studies optimum policing and common its response to crime The crime lab - - scientific lab where crime scene evidence is analyzed prior to any court room - federal, state, county, municipalWV state police forensic lab - drug identification, toxicology, trace evidence, biochemistry, latent prints, firearm/tool mark, questioned documents Criminal Trials - the location where the crime occurred is the jurisdiction, which has a set of laws Civil trials - - citizen vs citizen - plantiff vs respondent - offense is a "tort" - balance of evidence Criminal trials - - government vs citizen - prosecutor and defendant - offense is a "felony" or "misdemeanor" - beyond a reasonable doubt Pathologist - - determine cause of disease or trauma based on appearance and chemistry of bodies or tissues Medical Examiner - - appointed by jurisdiction - must be MD Coroner - - elected by jurisdiction Death investigator - - investigate deaths under the jurisdiction of the coroner/ medical examiner - collect scene context needed to determine cause of death Pathologist assistant - - does everything a pathologists does EXCEPT sign the death certificate Manner of death - HOW the person died- natural - accidental - homicidal - suicidal - undetermined Cause of death - WHY the person died Accidental death - - poisoning - motor vehicle accident - falls - suffocation - burns and fires - drowning - firearms mishap - natural phenomena - electrocution and explosions - struck by another person Homicide - intentional killing by another Suicide - Intentional self-harm leading to death Undetermined - insufficient or conflicting data The autoposy - determination of manner and cause of death