PHTLS Final Questions and answers

When caring for a trauma patient, a principle is what is necessary for patient improvement or survival. A preference is how the principle is achieved and depends upon four factors. The factors used to establish the preference in treating the patient include all except: A. Equipment available B. Condition of the patient C. Research information D. Situation that exists C Approximately 20% of all child abuse is the result of intentional burning. The majority of the children intentionally burned are of what age? A. 10 to 12 years of age B. 1 to 2 years of age C. 5 to 6 years of age D. Less than 1 year of age B In addition to glucose, what is required to maintain the metabolic processes of life and energy production? A. Lymphocytes B. Krebs cells C. Carbon monoxide D. Oxygen D You respond to a patient who has sustained a stab wound to the left upper thorax. She is barely responsive, pale and diaphoretic. Which of the following is the most appropriate for transport? A. Long board with spinal motion restriction B. Stair chair C. Short immobilization device D. Scoop stretcher D Units responding to a motor vehicle accident on the highway should consider which of the following as part of their pre-arrival assessment? A. Calling for more units to respond B. The need for immediate transport C. Weather conditions D. Post-exposure prophylaxis C The most appropriate airway maneuver in the initial management of a trauma patient is which of the following? A. Oropharyngeal airway B. Trauma jaw thrust C. Supraglottic airway D. Head tilt, chin lift B When verifying ET tube placement on a perfusing patient, the "gold standard" of monitoring is considered to be? A. Pulse oximetry B. Colorimetric carbon dioxide detector C. Listening to lung sounds D. Waveform capnography D A patient presents with a blunt trauma injury to the chest. On exam, he has absent breath sounds on one side of his chest and respiratory distress. Which additional sign would indicate that the patient has a tension pneumothorax? A. Tracheal deviation towards the side of injury B. Distended neck veins C. Inspiratory wheezing D. narrowed pulse pressure B Hemostatic agents should be used for excessive bleeding when direct pressure alone does not work. The proper way to use most hemostatic agents is which of the following? A. Hemostatic agents should never be used unless you have a fall in blood pressure B. Placing the agent properly into the wound and holding direct pressure C. Placing the agent around the edges of the wound D. Only using it after a tourniquet has been applied for 10 minutes B Of the following, which is a preventable cause of secondary brain injury addressable during the transport phase? A. Herniation syndromes B. Systemic hypoxia C. Intracranial hematomas D. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage B You are called to treat a patient who was knocked unconscious when he slipped and fell on a wet floor, striking his head. It is now several hours later. He is awake but confused, does not recall the incident, and is vomiting with a headache. Which of the following injuries is most likely? A. Brain herniation B. Intraabdominal hemorrhage C. Concussion D. Diffuse axonal injury C When using a selective spinal immobilization protocol, which of the following findings indicate the need for immobilization? A. Past history of spinal injury B. Being an unrestrained passenger in a motor vehicle crash C. An associated femoral shaft fracture with severe pain D. Being ambulatory at the scene C In a blast-related multiple patient situation, which of the following patients should be treated first? A. a 78-year-old male awake and unable to hear B. A 28-year-old male with an arm amputation who has bleeding controlled with a tourniquet C. A 14-year-old pulseless female with grey matter visible from a head wound D. A 33-year-old female with altered level of consciousness and decreased capillary refill D Excessive fluid resuscitation of the trauma patient can result in which of the following? A. Decreased mortality B. A higher incidence of sepsis in the ICU C. Earlier discharge from the hospital D. Worsening coagulopathy D The secondary survey should be accomplished: A. When on a critical patient B. When the time and situation allow C. Before moving the patient D. Before transport B When approaching a trauma patient, what is the first assessment that must be made? A. Scene safety B. Airway C. Exsanguinating hemorrhage D. Breathing A The most common type of shock resulting from trauma is? A. Spinal B. Septic C. Hemorrhagic D. Neurogenic C Which of the following best guides the decision to provide spinal immobilization? A. Obvious signs of associated injury B. History and complaint C. Mechanism alone D. Patient's age and presence of pressure sores B A 38-year-old male sustains a large wound to his right thigh while at work. Which of the following actions is the most important initial step? A. Administer supplemental oxygen B. Rapid transport C. Obtain IV access and infuse crystalloid D. Hemorrhage control D You respond to a local bar for an unconscious person. On arrival, you are met by a police officer who reports that one of their "regular alcoholics" was found in the alley behind the bar. On exam, you note the smell of an alcoholic beverage as well as the following: Patient flexes his arms to painful stimuli, has bilateral fixed and dilated pupils, irregular respirations at 12breaths per minute and a BP of 210/100. What condition do you suspect? A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage B. Alcohol poisoning C. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm D. Subdural hematoma D The pre-hospital assessment of the trauma patient begins with which of the following? A. Information provided by the dispatcher B. The primary survey C. Assessment of scene safety and situation D. The initial assessment A