WV Cosmetology State Board Practice Exam 677 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

WV Cosmetology State Board Practice Exam 677 Questions with Verified Answers Cocci are bacteria that are: - CORRECT ANSWER round shaped Which type of bacteria can cause strep throat or blood poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER streptococci Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are: - CORRECT ANSWER diplococci Lyme disease and syphilis are caused by spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria called: - CORRECT ANSWER spirilla A chemical process that destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces is - CORRECT ANSWER Disinfecting Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called: - CORRECT ANSWER protoplasm The process whereby bacteria grow to their largest size, and then divide into two new cells is - CORRECT ANSWER Binary fission The presence of pus can be a sign of - CORRECT ANSWER bacterial infection A ___________ infection appears as a lesion containing pus and is confined to a particular part of the body - CORRECT ANSWER Local Which of the following is a condition caused by an infestation of head lice? - CORRECT ANSWER pediculosis capitis The ability of the body to destroy, resist, and recognize infection is called - CORRECT ANSWER immunity Disenfectants sold and used in the United States myst carry _________ registration number - CORRECT ANSWER An Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Which agency publishes the guidelines known as Standard Precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER CDC In 2012, OSHA agreed to comply with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System (GHS), which requires the use of a standard format called __________ (SDS) to replace the MSDS - CORRECT ANSWER Safety Data Sheet A type of disinfectant with a very high pH that can damage the skin or eyes is called - CORRECT ANSWER phenolic disinfectants When washing your hands, after you have used warm water, applied soap, and then rubbed your hands together until a lather forms, use a disinfected nail brush to brush your nails horizontally back and forth under the free edges and then up and down along the folds of the fingernails. The process should take about - CORRECT ANSWER 60 seconds Antiseptics are intended for - CORRECT ANSWER Reducing microbes on the skin Standard precautions require employers and employees to assume that all human blood and body fluids are potentially - CORRECT ANSWER infectious The SDS contains ________ categories of information - CORRECT ANSWER 16 When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client, you must circulate the disinfectant for ________ or the length of time indicated on the product label - CORRECT ANSWER 10 minutes After cleaning and disinfecting a pipeless foot spa after each client, how should you dry it? - CORRECT ANSWER with a clean paper towel Which form of hepatitis is the most difficult to kill on a surface? - CORRECT ANSWER Hepatitis B Accelerated hydrogen peroxide, or AHP, is a recently approved form of disinfectant that only needs to be changed every: - CORRECT ANSWER 14 days It is important to wear gloves and _________ while disinfecting nonelectrical tools and implements - CORRECT ANSWER safety glasses Licensing, enforcement, and your conduct when you are working in the salon are regulated by ___ agencies. - CORRECT ANSWER state Some ______ disinfectants are harmful to salon tools and equipment. - CORRECT ANSWER Tuberculocidal As part of the SDS categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects as well as - CORRECT ANSWER required treatment Cutting living skin is allowed only by - CORRECT ANSWER qualified medical professionals Fungal infections are much more common on the ______ than on the hands - CORRECT ANSWER feet Items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid are called - CORRECT ANSWER Multiuse The process that destroys all microbial life is - CORRECT ANSWER sterilization If the label on a disinfection product includes the word concentrate, it means that the product must be - CORRECT ANSWER diluted before use Quat solutions are ___ disinfectants when used properly in the salon - CORRECT ANSWER very effective Using ___ bleach can damage metal and plastic. - CORRECT ANSWER too much 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite is also known as - CORRECT ANSWER Household bleach Never let disinfectants such as phenols and quats come in contact with your: - CORRECT ANSWER skin Items that are ___ are also considered absorbent. - CORRECT ANSWER porous It is reccommended that salons identify each time a piece of equipment is used, cleaned, disinfected, tested, and maintained - CORRECT ANSWER In a logbook There is no additive, powder, or tablet that eliminates the need for you to ______ equipment such as whirlpool spas. - CORRECT ANSWER clean and disinfect Not having ___ available poses a health risk to anyone exposed to hazardous materials and violates federal and state regulations. - CORRECT ANSWER SDSs Antimicrobial and antibacterial soaps are _____ regular soaps or detergents - CORRECT ANSWER no more effective than _______ include guidelines for the use of gloves, masks, and eyewear when contact with blood or body secretions containing blood or blood elements is a possibility - CORRECT ANSWER standard precautions After they have been properly cleaned and disinfected, implements should be stored in a(n) ___ container. - CORRECT ANSWER clean, covered After each client, you should properly clean the basic foot basin or tub, and then add the appropriate amount of disinfectant and let it soak for _____ or the time recommended by the manufacturer - CORRECT ANSWER 10 minutes Before beginning any service, you should wash your hands using pump soap, water, and a: - CORRECT ANSWER clean, disinfected nail brush a disease that is spread from one host to another is called a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER Contagious disease The one-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics are called: - CORRECT ANSWER bacteria The transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, or talking is known as _______ transmission. - CORRECT ANSWER direct Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER indirect transmission Varuous poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called: - CORRECT ANSWER Toxins A disease that is spread from one person to another is: - CORRECT ANSWER A communicable disease A disease caused by pathogenic organisms that enter the body, and which may or may not be spread from one person to another, is: - CORRECT ANSWER An infectious disease As part of the SDS 16 categories, toxicology information includes routes of exposure, related symptoms, and ______ - CORRECT ANSWER Safe handling and storage Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER microorganism The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, and the removal of visible debris or residue is called - CORRECT ANSWER decontamination ____ disease affects the body as a whole, often due to under- or over-functioning internal glands or organs - CORRECT ANSWER A systemic The determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or tests is a: - CORRECT ANSWER diagnosis _____ is a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection - CORRECT ANSWER inflammation A parasitic disease may be caused by - CORRECT ANSWER Lice A ______ is a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms and is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive function - CORRECT ANSWER Virus The virus that causes AIDS is - CORRECT ANSWER human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that are the result of the performance of an employee's duties is - CORRECT ANSWER An exposure incident The scientific name for barbers itch is: - CORRECT ANSWER folliculitis barbae Organisms the grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism are - CORRECT ANSWER Parasites The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues is called a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER contamination The term ___ describes a ringworm fungus of the foot. - CORRECT ANSWER tinea pedis A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER allergy _____ is produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites - CORRECT ANSWER a pathogenic disease Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment are: - CORRECT ANSWER occupational diseases As part of the SDS 16 categories, handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including - CORRECT ANSWER incompatibilities The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms is called - CORRECT ANSWER infection control Different bacteria move in different ways and self movement is known as - CORRECT ANSWER motility ___ is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, which makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function - CORRECT ANSWER a disease Within the field of cosmetology, the ability to produce an effect is known as - CORRECT ANSWER efficacy Add ______________ when diluting to prevent foaming, which can result in an incorrect mixing ratio. - CORRECT ANSWER disinfectant to water The connection between two or more bones of the skeleton is called a: - CORRECT ANSWER joint The _____ is the larger of the two bones that form the leg blow the knee - CORRECT ANSWER Tibia The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the: - CORRECT ANSWER cranium The maxillae are the bones of the: - CORRECT ANSWER upper jaw The two bones that form the sides and too of the crabium are the: - CORRECT ANSWER parietal bones The inner and larger bone in the forearm that is attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger is the - CORRECT ANSWER Ulna The foot is made up of ___ bones. - CORRECT ANSWER 26 What is the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER hyoid bone The oart of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton is the - CORRECT ANSWER Origin The broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalid and fromtalis is the - CORRECT ANSWER epicranius The ______ are the muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line - CORRECT ANSWER Extensors The muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity are the ______________. - CORRECT ANSWER adductors The system if nerves that carries impulses, or messages, to and from the central nervous system is called the - CORRECT ANSWER Periohial nervous system Sensory nerves endings called _____ are located close to the surface of the skin - CORRECT ANSWER Receptors The largest artery in the human body is the - CORRECT ANSWER Aorta The _____ muscle is the primary nasal muscle of concern to cosmetologists - CORRECT ANSWER Procerus The muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward is the _____ muscle - CORRECT ANSWER levator anguli oris The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a(n) ____. - CORRECT ANSWER reflex Deoxygenated blood flows from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal and then returns that blood to the ____ so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body - CORRECT ANSWER left atrium Blood ___ the body's temperature. - CORRECT ANSWER Is the only factor affecting The heart is the organ that keeps the ____ moving within the circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER Blood The _____ system distributes blood throughout the body - CORRECT ANSWER Circulatory The _____ sustem controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work hornoniously and efficiently - CORRECT ANSWER Nervous Lymph nodes filter the _____ vessels, which help fight infection - CORRECT ANSWER lymphatic Healthy skin has ________ texture and is smooth - CORRECT ANSWER a fine-grained Appendages of the skin include hair, nails, and sudoriferous and ______ glands - CORRECT ANSWER Sebaceous Which of the following correctly identifies the layers of skin and fat from the outermost layer to the innermost layer? - CORRECT ANSWER Epidermis, dermisc subcutaneous As cells die, they are pushed to the surface to replace dead cells that are shed from the: - CORRECT ANSWER Stratum corneum The layer directly beneath the epidermis is the - CORRECT ANSWER Papillary layer The amount and type of pigment produced by an individual is determined primarily by his or her: - CORRECT ANSWER genes Skin gets its strength, form, and flexibility from: - CORRECT ANSWER collagen and elastin Which vitamin aids in and accelerates the skin's healing processes and is vitally important in fighting the aging process? - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D The epidermis is the ____ layer of the skin - CORRECT ANSWER Thinnest The scalp has larger and deeper ___ than the skin on the rest of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER hair follicles The layer of the epidermis where the process of skin cell shedding begins is the - CORRECT ANSWER stratum spinosum The coiled base of the sudoriferous gland is known as the: - CORRECT ANSWER secretory coil A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus is a - CORRECT ANSWER Papule Fatty tissue found below the dermis is _____ tissue. - CORRECT ANSWER subcutaneous A raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion is a _____. - CORRECT ANSWER pustule The outer layer of the epidermis is the ____ layer - CORRECT ANSWER stratum corneum The clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum is the - CORRECT ANSWER stratum lucidum A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair is - CORRECT ANSWER Sebum The layer of the epidermis also known as the basal cell layer is the - CORRECT ANSWER stratum germinativum Many scientists and dermatologists believe that extrinsic factors such as exposure to the sun or smoking are responsible for up to __ percent of skin aging - CORRECT ANSWER 85 A __ is an abnormal, rounded, solid limo above, within, or under the skin that is larger than a papule - CORRECT ANSWER Tubercule Which of these terms refers to thin, dry, or oily plates of epidernal flakes? - CORRECT ANSWER Fissures Benign, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are: - CORRECT ANSWER Milia An open comedo is commonly known as a: - CORRECT ANSWER blackhead Whichbof these is an inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin, characterized by moderate to secere inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching? - CORRECT ANSWER Eczema A __ is an abnormal brown- or whne- colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape - CORRECT ANSWER Chloasma The absence of melanin pigment in the body and skin sensitivity to light are signs of - CORRECT ANSWER Albinism What is the most dangerous form os skin cancer, often characterized by black dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised? - CORRECT ANSWER Makignant malanoma A skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands. Inflammation, dry or oily, scaling or crusting, and/or itchiness - CORRECT ANSWER seborrheic dermatitis The term __ refers to abnormal colorations that accompany skin disorders and are symptoms of many systemic disorders - CORRECT ANSWER Dyschromias A(n) __ is a type of keratoma - CORRECT ANSWER callus Acne is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the ___ gland. - CORRECT ANSWER sebaceous A predisposition to acne is based on heredity and - CORRECT ANSWER hormones Noncomedogenic products are specifically designed not to clog the: - CORRECT ANSWER follicles Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the - CORRECT ANSWER epidermis A pustule is a raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing ___________ in the top of the lesion. - CORRECT ANSWER pus A __ is a larger, protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum - CORRECT ANSWER Bulla A flat spot or discoloration on the skin, also known as a "liver spot", is a - CORRECT ANSWER Macule Foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armoits or on the feet, that is generally cause by bacteria is - CORRECT ANSWER Bromhidrosis A __ is a slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed - CORRECT ANSWER Scar A contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions is - CORRECT ANSWER Impetigo A __ is an itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours - CORRECT ANSWER wheal A(n) __ is a crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis - CORRECT ANSWER Fissure A small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within just beneath the epidermis is a - CORRECT ANSWER Vesicle A large blister containing a watery fluid that is sinilar to a vesicle is - CORRECT ANSWER A bulla An allergic teaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Sensitization An acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands caused by excessive heat exposure is called: - CORRECT ANSWER miliaria rubra A normal, healthy nail: - CORRECT ANSWER Is shiny and smooth The portion of the living skin that supports the nail playe as it grows toward the free edge is called the - CORRECT ANSWER Nail bed The __ is the whitish, half-moon shape underneath the base of the nail - CORRECT ANSWER Lunula The part of the nail that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the - CORRECT ANSWER Free edge A __ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place - CORRECT ANSWER Ligament The __ is the fold of snin overlapping the side of the nail - CORRECT ANSWER Sidewall As long as the__ is nourished and healthy, new nail plate cells will be created - CORRECT ANSWER Matrix The nail growth rate on the __ is typically the slowest - CORRECT ANSWER Thumb The nail has a water content between: - CORRECT ANSWER 15 and 25 percent The natural nail is an appendage of the: - CORRECT ANSWER skin The appearance of the nails can reflect the general health of the: - CORRECT ANSWER body The __ is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through it - CORRECT ANSWER nail plate The matrix contains: - CORRECT ANSWER nerves, lymph, and blood vessels Tissue that adheres directly to the natural nail plate but which can be removed eith gentle scraping is the - CORRECT ANSWER Cuticle Cosmetologists are allowed to gently __ the eponychium - CORRECT ANSWER Push back Cuticle moisturizers, softeners, and conditioners are actually designed for the eponychium, __, and hyponychium - CORRECT ANSWER lateral sidewalls The living skin at the base of the natural nail playe covering the matrix area is the - CORRECT ANSWER Eponychium The thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed is the _____ - CORRECT ANSWER bed epithelium The slightly thickened layer of skin under the nail that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate is the - CORRECT ANSWER hyponychium The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is the: - CORRECT ANSWER cuticle The __ is the area where the nail plate cells are formed - CORRECT ANSWER Matrix If a client has ridges running vertically down the length of the natural nail plate, it is recommended that you - CORRECT ANSWER buff them carefully The medical term for fungal infections of the feet is - CORRECT ANSWER tinea pedis A typical psuedomonal bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stsges as a __ spot that becomes darker in its advanced stages - CORRECT ANSWER Light-green The seperation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed is - CORRECT ANSWER Onychomadesis Onychorrhexis is caused by injury to the matrix, excessive use of cuticle removers, harsh cleaning agents, aggressive filing techniques, or _____ - CORRECT ANSWER heredity Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail are signs of which condition. - CORRECT ANSWER nail psoriasis The term, __ refers to a condition caused by injury, heredity, or previous disease of the nail unit - CORRECT ANSWER Nail disorder Splinter henorrhages are caused by ohysical trauma or injury to the - CORRECT ANSWER Nail bes Nail fungi are contagious and can be transmitted through _____ instruments - CORRECT ANSWER contaminated Onychomadesis can usually be traced to a localized infection, injuries to the matrix, or - CORRECT ANSWER a severe systemic illness Any deformity or disease of the natural nail is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Onychosis Which condition is characterized by nail plates that are noticeably thing, white, and more flexible than normal - CORRECT ANSWER Eggshell nails The condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot, is - CORRECT ANSWER Bruised nail beds The condition is which the living skin around the nail splits and tears is - CORRECT ANSWER A hangnail The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is: - CORRECT ANSWER Onycholysis The term __ refers to darkening of the finger or toe nails - CORRECT ANSWER Melanonychia When increased crosswire curvature throughout the nail plate results in the free edge pinching the sidewalls into a deep curve, it is known as pincer nail or - CORRECT ANSWER Trumpet nail Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are: - CORRECT ANSWER Beau's lines Blue fingernails are usually caused by a lack of _____ in the red blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER circulating oxygen Koilonychia are soft spoon nails with a _____ shape - CORRECT ANSWER concave The technical term for white spots, or whitish discolorations of the nail is - CORRECT ANSWER Leukonychia spots The technical term for bitten nails is - CORRECT ANSWER Onychophagy An abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate is - CORRECT ANSWER Nail pterygium The two parts of a mature strand of human hair are the - CORRECT ANSWER hair root and hair shaft The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the: - CORRECT ANSWER hair follicle The __ is the small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle - CORRECT ANSWER Arrector pili muscle The fatty or oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is - CORRECT ANSWER Sebum For chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must have - CORRECT ANSWER an alkaline pH The medulla is composed of ___ cells. - CORRECT ANSWER Round During the __ phase, new hair is produced because new cells are actively manufactured in the hair follicle - CORRECT ANSWER Anagen The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, - CORRECT ANSWER nitrogen and sulfur The strong, chemical bonds that join amino acids are called - CORRECT ANSWER peptide bonds Which type of melanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones? - CORRECT ANSWER Pheomelanin Hair texture is classified as: - CORRECT ANSWER coarse, medium, or fine The measurment of the number of individual hair strands on one square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of the scalp is - CORRECT ANSWER Hair density Which type of hair almost never has a medulla? - CORRECT ANSWER vellus During which phase does the follicle canal sheink and detach from the dermal papilla? - CORRECT ANSWER Catagen The technical term used to describe grey hair is - CORRECT ANSWER Canities A condition of abnormal growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normal grow only vellus hair is - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertrichosis The texhnical term for dandruff is - CORRECT ANSWER Pityriasis Which of the five main structures of the hair root contain the blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth? - CORRECT ANSWER Dermal papilla Because there are so many of them, salt bonds account for about __ of the hair's overall strength - CORRECT ANSWER One third The anagen phase generally lasts from three to five: - CORRECT ANSWER years Scalp hair grows ___ on women than on men. - CORRECT ANSWER faster The __ phase signals the end of the growth phase - CORRECT ANSWER Catagen Cross-sections of hair - CORRECT ANSWER can be almost any shape Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a - CORRECT ANSWER Fungus When the living cells of hair form and begin their journey upward through the hair follicle, they mature in a process called - CORRECT ANSWER Keratinization Tinea is characterized by ______, scales, and sometimes painful circular lesions - CORRECT ANSWER Blisters The infestation kf the hair and scalp with head lice is called - CORRECT ANSWER Pediculosis capitis A carbuncle is similar to a furuncle, but is: - CORRECT ANSWER larger Fine hair is ___ than coarse or medium hair. - CORRECT ANSWER more fragile Coarse hair - CORRECT ANSWER Is stronger than fine hair The __ is the outermost layer of the hair - CORRECT ANSWER Hair cuticle The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles are the __ glands - CORRECT ANSWER sebaceous A __ bond is a weak, ohysical, cross-link side bond easily broken by heat or water - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrogen Hair is approximately ___ percent protein. - CORRECT ANSWER 90 Total scalp hair loss is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER alopecia totalis Hypertrichosis is also known as: - CORRECT ANSWER hirsuties The naturally occuring fungus that causes the symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control is - CORRECT ANSWER Malassezia The __ is the lowest part of the hair strand - CORRECT ANSWER hair bulb The technical term for beaded hair is - CORRECT ANSWER Monilethrix A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin is - CORRECT ANSWER scabies The term for the soiral shape of a coiled protein is - CORRECT ANSWER Helix Dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp are called: - CORRECT ANSWER scutula The long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms and bodies of males and females is called - CORRECT ANSWER Terminal hair The technical term for knotted hair is - CORRECT ANSWER trichorrhexis nodosa The __ is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells - CORRECT ANSWER medulla When hair leaves the follicles at an angle and forms patterns or streams on the head, it is called - CORRECT ANSWER A whorl The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis is the - CORRECT ANSWER Hair root A particular pattern of hair stream that is usually more noticeable on the front hairline in people with short, thick hair is a ____ - CORRECT ANSWER cowlick The middle layer of the hair is the - CORRECT ANSWER cortex An autoimmune disorder that causes the effected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system is - CORRECT ANSWER Alopecia areata Vellus hair is also known as - CORRECT ANSWER Lanugo hair The technical term for ringworm is - CORRECT ANSWER Tinea Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element? - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrogen A susbstance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is - CORRECT ANSWER An element Chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms - CORRECT ANSWER A molecule A(n) __ is a stable mixture of two or more substances in a solvent - CORRECT ANSWER Solution A(n) __ is a substance dissolved into a solution - CORRECT ANSWER solute Liquids that are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are considered - CORRECT ANSWER immiscible Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are - CORRECT ANSWER suspensions An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER emulsion A substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is - CORRECT ANSWER A surfactant The tail of a surfectant molecule is oil-loving or - CORRECT ANSWER Lipophilic An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an - CORRECT ANSWER Ion Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are derived from __ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products - CORRECT ANSWER Plants Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are - CORRECT ANSWER exothermic A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered - CORRECT ANSWER Acidic Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they: - CORRECT ANSWER produce less odor Which of these is not composed of organic chemicals? - CORRECT ANSWER Pesticides Elemental molecules contain two or more __ of the same element in definite proportions - CORRECT ANSWER atoms vapor is a(n) ____ that has evaporated into a gas-like state: - CORRECT ANSWER a liquid An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases - CORRECT ANSWER oxygen A pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in __ proportions - CORRECT ANSWER fixed The glitter in nail polish that an separate from the polish is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER a suspension Water-in-oil emulsions feel __ than oil-in-water emulsions - CORRECT ANSWER greasier The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is __ - CORRECT ANSWER ammonia Volatile organic compounds contain __ and evaporate very easily - CORRECT ANSWER carbon The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is __ - CORRECT ANSWER oxidation A chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is - CORRECT ANSWER redox Any substance that occupies space and has mass is - CORRECT ANSWER matter Characteristics that can only be determines by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are - CORRECT ANSWER chemical properties A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER pure substance a Physical combination of matter in any proportion is a - CORRECT ANSWER physical mixture The __ is the smallest chemical component of an element - CORRECT ANSWER atom Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanies by the production of heat and light is - CORRECT ANSWER combustion Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are - CORRECT ANSWER physical properties All the electrical appliances you use should - CORRECT ANSWER be UL certified All lasers work by a process known as selective - CORRECT ANSWER photothermolysis Thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments is called - CORRECT ANSWER a Tesla high-frequency current A device that works by releasing light onto the skin to stimulate specific responses at precise depths of the skin tissue is - CORRECT ANSWER a light-emitting diode Chemically infused services that make changes in the natural texture, curl, or __ in the hair are considered permanent and will never revert back to the original pattern - CORRECT ANSWER wave pattern Balance is described as establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create - CORRECT ANSWER symmetry When the two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight but are positioned unevenly, the hairstyle is considered to have __ balance - CORRECT ANSWER asymmetrical A regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design is referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER rhythm The area is a design where the eye is drawn first before traveling to the rest of the design is called the - CORRECT ANSWER emphasis To offset or round out the features of a square facial shape, the styling choice is to - CORRECT ANSWER create volume between the temples and jaw The __ profile has a receding forehead and chin - CORRECT ANSWER convex The triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners is called the - CORRECT ANSWER bang area Design texture can be created temporarily with the use of - CORRECT ANSWER heat and/or wet styling techniques Which of these is not a physical characteristic taken into account when designing an artistic and suitable hairstyle? - CORRECT ANSWER Natural hair color Left natural, __ hair may not support many styling options - CORRECT ANSWER straight, medium Which type of hair offers the most versatility in styling? - CORRECT ANSWER Wavy, medium hair The __ profile has a prominent forehead and chin - CORRECT ANSWER concave To creat length and height in hair design, use __ lines - CORRECT ANSWER Vertical To create width in hair design, use __ lines - CORRECT ANSWER Horizontal Lines that may move in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction to create the illusion of movement are __ lines - CORRECT ANSWER curved Repeating lines, known as ____ lines, can be straight or curved - CORRECT ANSWER parallel Lines with a definite forward or backward movement are __ lines - CORRECT ANSWER directional The square face shape - CORRECT ANSWER is narrow at the middle third of the face The face shape featuring a narrow forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones, and a narrow chin is the - CORRECT ANSWER diamond The __ face shape features a narrow forehead, wide jaw, and wide chin line - CORRECT ANSWER triangular Which parting is used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle? - CORRECT ANSWER diagonal The contour and proportions of the __ face shape form the basis and ideals for evaluating and modifying all other face shapes - CORRECT ANSWER oval Color acts as an illusion and helps to create lines of - CORRECT ANSWER attention Depending on __, color can accent or de-emphasize a particular part of a style or client feature - CORRECT ANSWER placement In hair design, the stylist follows five key strategies for successful end results including having a vision, following a plan, working at the plan, trying again and again, and - CORRECT ANSWER taking calculated risks The __ face shape features a long, narrow face with hollow cheeks - CORRECT ANSWER oblong What is the primary purpose of a shampoo service? - CORRECT ANSWER to cleanse the hair and scalp A pH balanced shampoo has a pH in the range of - CORRECT ANSWER 6.0 to 7.0 A __ is designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within to temporarily reconstruct the hair - CORRECT ANSWER protein conditioner Which of the following is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp? - CORRECT ANSWER Scalp astringent lotion Brushing of the hair should be avoided prior to - CORRECT ANSWER chemical services The most highly recommended hairbrushes are those made from - CORRECT ANSWER natural bristles As a safety feature for the client, during a shampoo you should monitor the water temperature by - CORRECT ANSWER keeping fingers under the spray A dry hair and scalp treatment, used when there is a deficiency of natural oil on the hair or scalp, should contain - CORRECT ANSWER moisturizing and emollient ingredients A method of manipulating the scalp by rubbing, tapping, kneading, or __ it with the hands is known as massage - CORRECT ANSWER stroking Excessive oiliness is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER overactive sebaceous glands The main difference between a relaxation massage and a treatment massage is - CORRECT ANSWER the products you use A shampoo should be selected according to - CORRECT ANSWER the condition of the client's hair and scalp Color-enhancing shampoos are used to - CORRECT ANSWER eliminated unwanted color tones Treatment or repair conditioners are deep, penetrating conditioners that resore __ and moisture to the hair - CORRECT ANSWER protein A spray-on thermal protector is applies to the hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from the harmful effects of - CORRECT ANSWER blowdrying Appropriate products for coarse, dry and damaged hair include - CORRECT ANSWER deep-conditioning treatments and hair masks Part one of the three-part procedure for hair-care services includes - CORRECT ANSWER cleaning and disinfecting your tools, implements, and materials What is the correct way to rinse you implements after cleaning them? - CORRECT ANSWER hold them under warm running water During the post-service procedure, it is important to determine is the client is satisfied, advise the client about proper at-home maintenance, and - CORRECT ANSWER discuss retail product recommendations When offering a scalp massage, use slow, deliberate motions and - CORRECT ANSWER a soft touch A shampoo that contains special ingredients that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions is called __ shampoo - CORRECT ANSWER medicated Shampoo is designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair is called __ shampoo - CORRECT ANSWER conditioning Shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals and removes them from the hair is called __ shampoo - CORRECT ANSWER clarifying Shampoo designed to wash away excess oiliness, while preventing the hair from drying out, is called __ shampoo - CORRECT ANSWER balancing Shampoo that cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water is __ shampoo - CORRECT ANSWER dry Before the draping service, make sure that proper infection control practices are used and that each cape has been __ prior to use - CORRECT ANSWER laundered in a disinfecting solution A conditioner is a special chemical agent applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help and restore the hair's strength, __, give hair body, and to protect hair against possible breakage - CORRECT ANSWER infuse moisture Shampoos formulated with little to no alkaline soap base are known as - CORRECT ANSWER sulface-free The more alkaline the shampoo, the __ it is - CORRECT ANSWER stronger and harsher Prior to any service, analyze the client's hair and scalp and check for which of the following conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER thinning of the hair The reference point that signals a change in head shape from flat to round or vice versa is the - CORRECT ANSWER four corners The straight lines used to build weight and create one-length and low-elevation haircuts are - CORRECT ANSWER horizontal lines the straight lines used to remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts are - CORRECT ANSWER vertical lines For control during haircutting, the hair is parting into working areas called - CORRECT ANSWER sections The angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the end shape is the - CORRECT ANSWER cutting line Which guideline is used when creating layers or a graduated haircut? - CORRECT ANSWER traveling guideline The technique of combing the hair away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, is called - CORRECT ANSWER overdirection A stylist will need to use less elevation of curly hair than on straighter textures, or leave the hair a bit longer because of - CORRECT ANSWER elasticity The direction in which the hair grows from the scalp, is also referred to as natural fall or natural falling position, is the - CORRECT ANSWER growth pattern What type of comb is used for close tapers on the nape and sides when using the scissors-over-comb technique - CORRECT ANSWER barber comb The technique used to free of the cutting hand to cut a subsection is called - CORRECT ANSWER transferring the comb The term used to describe the amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a subsection is - CORRECT ANSWER tension When cutting hair, a general rule of thumb is to stand or sit - CORRECT ANSWER directly in front of the area you are cutting The visual line in a haircut, where the ends of the hair hang together, is the - CORRECT ANSWER weight line Parting a haircut in the opposite way it was cut, at the same elevation, to check for precision of line and shape is called - CORRECT ANSWER cross-checking A method of cutting or layering the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length is - CORRECT ANSWER slide cutting The process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length is known as - CORRECT ANSWER texturizing The process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths using a sliding movement of the shears with the blades kept partially open is called - CORRECT ANSWER slithering When performing the slicing technique to remove weight or on the surface of the haircut, it is best to work on - CORRECT ANSWER dry hair When using the clipper-over-comb technique, the amount of hair removed is determined by the - CORRECT ANSWER angle of the comb If the blade tension on your shears is too tight, it will cause the shears to bind and cause unnecessary wear and - CORRECT ANSWER the hair to fold Elevation creates - CORRECT ANSWER graduation and layers A guideline located at the outer line of the cut is known as the - CORRECT ANSWER perimeter Shears should be sharpened - CORRECT ANSWER only as needed You should used __ tension on straight hair when you want precise lines - CORRECT ANSWER maximum Using a razor on __ hair will weaken the cuticle and cause frizzing - CORRECT ANSWER curly A quick way to analyze a face shape is to determine if it is - CORRECT ANSWER wide or long Hair texture is based on the __ of each hair strang - CORRECT ANSWER thickness Case shears are usually __ than forged shears - CORRECT ANSWER less expensive The __ on a pair of shears allows you to have more control over the shear - CORRECT ANSWER finger tang Your shears should be cleaned and lubricated - CORRECT ANSWER after every client Before purchasing a pair of shears, ensure the the company has a person who is certified to __ them in you area - CORRECT ANSWER sharpen Knowing how to hold your tools properly will help you avoid muscle strain in you - CORRECT ANSWER arms When palming the shears, hold the comb between you __ fingers - CORRECT ANSWER thumb, index, and middle Texturizing cannot be done with - CORRECT ANSWER clippers When using clippers, you should always work __ the natural growth patterns, especially in the nail - CORRECT ANSWER against When trimming a male client's facial hair, it is recommended that you check __ and ask if he would like you to remove any excess hair - CORRECT ANSWER his ears and eyebrows the term __ refers to the shape of the head - CORRECT ANSWER head form Places on the head that mark where the surface of the head changes are known as - CORRECT ANSWER reference points The widest area of the head is the - CORRECT ANSWER parietal ridge The bone that protrudes at the base of the skull is the - CORRECT ANSWER occipital bone The highest point on the top of the head is the - CORRECT ANSWER apex The area at the back part of the next is the - CORRECT ANSWER nape A __ is a thing, continuous mark used as a guide - CORRECT ANSWER line The line dividing the hair at the scalp is a - CORRECT ANSWER part When creating uniform layers, the hair is elevated to __ degrees from the scalp and cut at the same length - CORRECT ANSWER 90 What type of shear blade edge gives the smoothest cut and has the sharpest edge possible - CORRECT ANSWER a full convex edge When purchasing shears, consider purchasing a shear that comes with a __ system since you will be working with the shears almost constantly - CORRECT ANSWER finger-fitting Which type of texture shears is the best for adding increased blending? - CORRECT ANSWER Texturizing shear Which haircut is cut at a 90-degree elevation and then over directed to maintain length and weight at the perimeter? - CORRECT ANSWER The long-layered haircut Which cutting tool should generally be avoided when cutting curly hair? - CORRECT ANSWER razor When using the scissor-over-comb technique, how is the haircut cross-checked? - CORRECT ANSWER by working across the area diagonally Which haircut represents cutting the hair very short and close to the hairline and then gradually getting longer as you move up the head? - CORRECT ANSWER a taper What is the process called when the hair contracts of lifts through the action of moisture loss/drying? - CORRECT ANSWER shrinkage The first step in the hairstyling process is always - CORRECT ANSWER client consultation The process of shaping and directing the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and waving lotion is called - CORRECT ANSWER finger waving In creating horizontal finger waves, the waves are placed: - CORRECT ANSWER sideways and parallel around the head The stationary foundation of a pin curl is the - CORRECT ANSWER base Pin curls that produce tight, firm, long-lasting curls and allow for minimum mobility are known as - CORRECT ANSWER no-stem pin curls Pin curls are formed in a shaping should begin at the - CORRECT ANSWER open end The most commonly shaped pin curl based are rectangular, triangular, square, or - CORRECT ANSWER arc based Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER carved curls The panel of hair on which a roller is placed is the - CORRECT ANSWER base Hair between the scalp and the first turn of the roller is the - CORRECT ANSWER stem The point where curls of opposite directions meet, forming a recessed area is called the - CORRECT ANSWER indentation To smooth hair that is backcombed, hold the teeth of a comb or the bristles of a brush at a __ pointing away from you, and lightly move the comb over the surface of the hair - CORRECT ANSWER 45-degree angle Which type of styling product is also known as mousse? - CORRECT ANSWER Foam A benefit of using __ is that they offer firmer, longer hold for fine hair with the least amount of heaviness - CORRECT ANSWER texturizers What styling aid is applied to damp hair and then blow dried to create a smooth, straight look that provides the most hold is dry outdoor conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER straightening gel One way to remove dirt, oils, and product residue from a thermal iron is to use a dampened towel or rag and wipe down the barrel of the iron with a soapy solution containing a few drops of - CORRECT ANSWER ammonia What is a technique used to temporarily straighten extremely curly or resistant hair until the hair is shampooed? - CORRECT ANSWER hair pressing Applying a thermal pressing comb twice on each side of the hair to remove curl is a - CORRECT ANSWER hard press A tight scalp can be made more flexible with hair brushing and the systematic use of - CORRECT ANSWER scalp massage With rollers, one and a half turns creates - CORRECT ANSWER waves How long do velcro rollers need to stay in the hair? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 to 10 minutes Hair wrapping can be done - CORRECT ANSWER on wet or dry hair The technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation is calling - CORRECT ANSWER blow dry styling Thermal waving and curling is also known as - CORRECT ANSWER Marcel waving Nonelectric thermal irons are favored by many stylists who cater to clients with __ hair - CORRECT ANSWER excessively curly Full-base curls sit in the center of their base and provide__ with full volume - CORRECT ANSWER a strong curl Coarse hair requires __ to press than medium or fine hair - CORRECT ANSWER more heat and pressure When tempering a new pressing comb, you should - CORRECT ANSWER heat the comb until it is extremely hot Which of the following is usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect? - CORRECT ANSWER rectangular base pin curls Which type of curl is usually recommended along the front or facial hairline to prevent breaks or splits in the finished hairstyle? - CORRECT ANSWER triangular base pin curl Where are skip waves usually found? - CORRECT ANSWER the side of the head Which curls are also known as stand up curls? - CORRECT ANSWER Cascade curls Which roller position gives full volume? - CORRECT ANSWER on base Which roller position gives least volume - CORRECT ANSWER off base Which of these is used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out? - CORRECT ANSWER Backbrushing Which of these involves combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base - CORRECT ANSWER backcombing A __ is a half-round rubber-based brushed - CORRECT ANSWER classic styling brush A __ is generally an oval brush with a mixture of boar and nylon bristles - CORRECT ANSWER grooming brush A __ is a thing, nylon styling brush that has a bail for sectioning, along with a narrow row of bristles - CORRECT ANSWER teasing brush A __ is a brush used to speed up the blow drying process - CORRECT ANSWER vent brush Which part of a roller curl is also known as the cirlce - CORRECT ANSWER the curl Velcro rollers can only be used on __ hair - CORRECT ANSWER dry A section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls is called a - CORRECT ANSWER shaping When you use a comb with teeth spaced closely together it - CORRECT ANSWER removes definition from the curl Which type of styling product is also known as wax? - CORRECT ANSWER Pomade In thermal curling, the hair is held at a 70-degree angle for - CORRECT ANSWER off-base curls The foundation technique used for the classic bun or the chignon is the - CORRECT ANSWER ponytail Hair care that uses no chemicals or dyes and does not alter the natural curl or coil pattern of the hair is known as __________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER natural hairstyling which of the following is a characteristic of Kanekalon? - CORRECT ANSWER it closely mimics human hair When curly hair is braided wet, it ____ as it dries - CORRECT ANSWER shrinks an recoils Which type of brain is a three-strand braid that is created with an underhand technique - CORRECT ANSWER visible Single braids can move - CORRECT ANSWER any direction Extensions for single braids are integrated into natural hair using the: - CORRECT ANSWER three-strand underhand technique Which of the following is not a basic method of locking? - CORRECT ANSWER Brotherlocks In some African tribes, different styles of braiding indicated: - CORRECT ANSWER a person's social status Most human hair used for hair extensions is imported from which part of the world? - CORRECT ANSWER Asia The fishtail braid is best done on: - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder length or longer, non-layered hair During which developmental phase of locks can a bulb be felt at the end of each lock? - CORRECT ANSWER sprouting stage During which developmental phase of locks does the hair begin to regain length? - CORRECT ANSWER Growing stage During the first developmental phase of locks, the hair coil: - CORRECT ANSWER has an open end Which of the following are separate networks of curly, textured hair that have been intertwined and messed together? - CORRECT ANSWER locks When performing a braiding service, which essential tool is used for creating shapes an finished looks, an for trimming bangs and excess extension material? - CORRECT ANSWER five-inch scissors The term __ refers to narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three-strand braid, on the scalp braiding technique? - CORRECT ANSWER cornrows What is the benefit of mixing yak hair with human hair? - CORRECT ANSWER it helps to remove the manufactured shine The __ method builds up the braid strand by strand with extension hair fibers - CORRECT ANSWER feed-in A finishing comb is usually ___ in length and works well on fine or straight hair - CORRECT ANSWER 8-10 inches The flat leather pad with very close, fine teeth used to sandwich human hair extensions is called a: - CORRECT ANSWER drawing board Another term for wave pattern is - CORRECT ANSWER coil configuration The traditional _______________ is flat, natural, and contoured to the scalp. - CORRECT ANSWER cornrow When the hair is double-strand twisted or coil twisted and wrapped around itself to make a knot, it is called a ________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER bantu knot When small sections of natural hair are gelled and spiraled with the fingers or a comb to create individual formations of tight, cylindrical coils, it is known as _________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER comb twists The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair or changes tightly curly or coiled hair into loose curls or waves is - CORRECT ANSWER curl reforming The layer of hair that provides strength and elasticity is the - CORRECT ANSWER cortex The natural pH of the hair is - CORRECT ANSWER 4.5-5.5 In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the: - CORRECT ANSWER Rod size The technique of wrapping hair at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section is _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER half off-base placement The two basic types of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are the spiral an - CORRECT ANSWER croquignole perm technique A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of: - CORRECT ANSWER oxygen Most cold waves have a pH between - CORRECT ANSWER 9.0 and 9.6 The three separate components of acid waves are permanent waving solution, activator, and - CORRECT ANSWER neutralizor An endothermic wave is activated by - CORRECT ANSWER An outside heat source Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of: - CORRECT ANSWER 5 minutes Thio relaxers usually have a pH above - CORRECT ANSWER 10 Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using a(n): - CORRECT ANSWER acid-balanced shampoo Which type of relaxer contains one component and is used without any additional mixing? - CORRECT ANSWER Metal hydroxide relaxers Lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide relaxers are often advertised and sold as - CORRECT ANSWER no mix, no lye These are relatively weak side bonds, and the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges - CORRECT ANSWER salt bonds For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at a ___ angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. - CORRECT ANSWER 45 Which of these permanent waves processes at room temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER acid-balances waves Chemical solutions __ the hair to an alkaline state - CORRECT ANSWER raise GMTG, the primary reducing agent in all acid waves, has: - CORRECT ANSWER a low pH True acid waves have a pH between - CORRECT ANSWER 4.5-7.0 In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place in the first - CORRECT ANSWER 5-10 minutes In extremely curly hair, the twists are th - CORRECT ANSWER thinnest and weakest Relaxers are _____ and can literally melt or dissolve hair if used incorrectly. - CORRECT ANSWER extremely alkaline Thioglycolic acid - CORRECT ANSWER is a common reducing agent The partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap? - CORRECT ANSWER curvature perm wrap The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called - CORRECT ANSWER peptide bonds A __ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod - CORRECT ANSWER spiral perm wrap Which of the following is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing - CORRECT ANSWER Japanese thermal straightening Which type of relaxer requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer? - CORRECT ANSWER Base relaxer Which of these terms refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally? - CORRECT ANSWER Base direction A __ is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases - CORRECT ANSWER basic perm wrap Which of these are usually classified as a lye-based relaxer? - CORRECT ANSWER sodium hydroxide relaxers Which of these terms refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section? - CORRECT ANSWER base placement Which of these stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form? - CORRECT ANSWER neutralizer Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as: - CORRECT ANSWER polypeptide chains The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called - CORRECT ANSWER ianthionization Hydrogen bonds can only be broken by - CORRECT ANSWER water or heat The reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions is commonly referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER thio Manufactures add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in them: - CORRECT ANSWER does not swell the hair or penetrate into the cortex Most of the acid waves found in today's salons have a pH between: - CORRECT ANSWER 7.8 and 8.2 Which of the following is not considered a main component of an exothermic wave? - CORRECT ANSWER activator `Which type of perm is recommended for extremely porous hair? - CORRECT ANSWER true-acid What is the most common neutralizer? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen peroxide Japanese thermal straightening - CORRECT ANSWER is sometimes called thermal reconditioning Haircolor levels are arranged on a scale from: - CORRECT ANSWER 1 to 10 Hair color tones can be described as: - CORRECT ANSWER warm, cool, or neutral Warm tones that are described as sandy or tan are considered - CORRECT ANSWER natural Which color will help balance orange tones in the hair? - CORRECT ANSWER blue Pure of fundamental colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are: - CORRECT ANSWER primary colors The strongest and only cool primary color is: - CORRECT ANSWER blue Red added to blue-based colors will cause them to appear: - CORRECT ANSWER lighter A __ color is achieved by mixing a secondary color and its neighboring primary color - CORRECT ANSWER tertiary A primary and secondary color positioned across from each other on the wheel are considered - CORRECT ANSWER complimentary Temporary hair color pigment molecules do not penetrate the cuticle layer because they have __ pigment molecules - CORRECT ANSWER large Traditional semipermanent haircolor lasts about how long? - CORRECT ANSWER four to six weeks What type of hair color is formulated to deposit but not lift? - CORRECT ANSWER demipermanent Which type of hair color lifts and deposits? - CORRECT ANSWER permanent Which volume developer provides maximum lift? - CORRECT ANSWER 40 During the decolorizing process, natural hair can go through as many as - CORRECT ANSWER ten stages Overlapping color can cause breakage and create - CORRECT ANSWER Line of Demarcation The three forms of hair lighteners are: - CORRECT ANSWER oil, powder, and cream For clients with 80 to 100 percent gray, which haircolor is generally most flattering? - CORRECT ANSWER blond To cover unpigmented hair in a salt-and-pepper client, the color formulation should be: - CORRECT ANSWER one to two levels lighter than the natural level The process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as - CORRECT ANSWER pre-softening When performing a lightener retouch, new growth is done - CORRECT ANSWER first To produce a hair color that looks natural, how many primary colors must be present? - CORRECT ANSWER three The best way to obtain pale blond results is to use: - CORRECT ANSWER double-process blonding Violet is balanced out by - CORRECT ANSWER yellow Blue is balanced out by - CORRECT ANSWER orange Traditional color products used to achieve pale and delicate colors are - CORRECT ANSWER toners Hair that has been chemically treated with hair __ porosity - CORRECT ANSWER higher The term ___, or hue, refers to balance of color. - CORRECT ANSWER tone Which of these is a coloring technique that requires two separate procedures? - CORRECT ANSWER double process application The melanin that gives blond and red colors to hair is called - CORRECT ANSWER eumelanin The powdered persulfate salts added to hair color to increase its lightening ability are called - CORRECT ANSWER activators The technique called __ refers to a combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixer and shampoo used during the last five minutes of a service to refresh the ends of the hair - CORRECT ANSWER soap cap This term refers to the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a color service - CORRECT ANSWER contributing pigment What is the unit of measurement used to identify the lightness or darkness of a color - CORRECT ANSWER level A __ is a chemical compound that lightens hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural hair pigment - CORRECT ANSWER lightener Which of these measures the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide? - CORRECT ANSWER volume Colors obtained from the leaves or bark of plants are called: - CORRECT ANSWER natural haircolors A __ is a non-ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair - CORRECT ANSWER glaze Which of the following is used to recondition damaged overly porous hair and equalize porosity so that the hair accepts the color evenly from strand to strand and from scalp to ends? - CORRECT ANSWER conditioner filler Which of these is an oxidizing agent that when mixed with an oxidation hair color, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen peroxide developer A __ is used to equalize porosity and deposit color in one application to provide a uniform contributing pigment on pre-lightened hair - CORRECT ANSWER color filler Which type of melanin lends black and brown colors to hair? - CORRECT ANSWER pheomelanin Haircolors containing metal salts that change hair color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air, creating a dull, metallic appearance, are called: - CORRECT ANSWER progressive hair colors Which type of color adds subtle color results - CORRECT ANSWER semipermanent color Which of these is a role of the alkalizing ingredient in permanent hair color? - CORRECT ANSWER to raise the cuticle of the hair What is the standard hydrogen peroxide volume? - CORRECT ANSWER 20 A __ contains no ammonia, requires no developer, and is gentle on the scalp and hair - CORRECT ANSWER non-oxidative toner Colors prepared by combining permanent haircolor, hydrogen peroxide, and shampoo are called - CORRECT ANSWER highlighting shampoos Coating compounds such as hair sprays, styling agents, and some conditioners can interfere with - CORRECT ANSWER color penetration A daily shampoo and blowdry, an occasional permanent wave, or a few days in the pool can cause the artificial pigment in red hair to _________. - CORRECT ANSWER oxidize and fade An absolute requirement for laser hair removal is that the hair being removed must be: - CORRECT ANSWER darker than the surrounding skin The natural arch of the eyebrow follows the - CORRECT ANSWER orbital bone The recommended time between waxings is generally - CORRECT ANSWER four to six weeks Threading also known as _____________ is a temporary hair removal method whereby Cotton thread is twisted and rolled along the surface of the skin entw