Nurse Practitioner Certification
Exam 2024
primary lesion - -lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
-lesion - -a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage thru injury
or disease
-secondary lesion - -lesion that either changes impression over time or
occurs when a primary lesion is scratched it may be infected
-macule - -circumscribed flat area; different color and texture from
surrounding tissue, <1cm
ex.) ephelides (freckles), petechia, flat nevi (moles)
-patch - -a large macule; >1cm
ex.) mongolian spot, Cafe, au lair spot
-papule - -Small solid elevated lesion; <1cm
ex.) bug bite, elevated nevus (mole) or verruca (wart)
-plaque - -elevation of skin; >1cm; example psoriasis lesion
-pustule - -a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under skin; <1cm;
examples acne and impetigo
-vesicle - -a circumscribed elevation of skin contains "SEROUS FLUID:
<1cm; examples, herpes simples, varicella, shingles
-nodule - -solid mass of skin, is elevated or palpated >1cm; often extends
deeper into dermis: examples xanthoma and fibroma
-bulla - -blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid >1cm , extends
only into epidermis, examples burns, superficial blister, contact dermatitis
-wheal - -elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red, axon-
mediated flare often surround it, commonly associated with allergic reaction,
examples PPD test and mosquito bites
-cyst - -any closed cavity or sac; contains fluid or semisolid material, normal
or abnormal epithelium. example sebaceous cyst
-Abscess - -a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by
disintegration or necrosis of tissues >1cm
,-tumor - -"MASS: > few cm in diameter; firm or soft; benign or malignant
-configuration: annular - -circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
-configuration: confluent - -lesions run together
-configuration: grouped - -lesion cluster
-configuration: gyrate - -twisted, coiled, spiral and snake like
-configuration: linear - -scratch, streak, line stripe
-configuration: polycyclic - -annular lesions merge
-configuration: solitary or discrete - -individual and distinct lesions that
remain separate
-configuration: target (iris) - -resembles iris of eye; lesion with concentric
rings of color
-configuration: zosteriform - -linear arrangement along nerve route
-comedones - -open are called black heads (openings capped with a
blackened skin debris); and closed are called white head (obstructed)
-acne - -can be comedones, pustules, papules (pimples and zits), cysts,
nodules and scaring
-nonpharmacological management of acne - -wash several times daily with
soap and water; avoid topical oil based; use oil free cleansers and
moisterizers
-pharmacological management of acne - -comedolytic agents: benzoyl
peroxice, salicylic acid, topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin,
tetracycline and metronidazole for rosacea). May consider oral antibiotics
and oral contraceptives
-folliculitis - -inflammation of hair follicle; common cause staphylococci
-furuncle - -"boil" localized infection in hair follicle, caused by staph
-carbuncle - ->furuncle; may be necrotizing, staph
-cellulitis - -most common causes: out patients strep ; inpatient: gram
negative (ecoli, klebsiels, psuedomonsa, enterbacter, staph aureus and strep
, -MRSA - -trimethoprm-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim); doxy, clindamycin
-group a strep - -bactrim + beta lactam (PCN, amoxicillin , keflex) or
doxy/inocycline +beta lactam or clindamycin
-erysipelas - -usually caused by strep, rapid progression of an
erythematous, warm indurated area (looks like sunburn,)
-hidradenitis supparativa - -staph infection common in groin or axilla ;
abscess formation common
-impetigo - -usually caused by staph, primary lesion is thin walled vesicle
that breaks easily and honey colored crust at edge; satelite lesions appear
and spread to remote areas of skin
-paronychia - -staph around nail fold
-candida balanitis - -inflammation of superficial tissues of penile head
caused by candida albicans : managed by steroids, miconazole, clotrimazole
or fluconazole
-candida intertrigo - -irruption of the fold of skin in warm, moist body areas;
use drying agents like talc, cornstarch, topical antifungals, oral antifungals
-tinea capitus - -dermatophyte infection of scalp caused by trichophyton;
managed with selenium shampoo, oral terbinafine, fluconanzole
-tinea corporis - -dermatophyte infection caused by trichomphyton or
microsporum; managed with topical antifungals, severe axes systemic
therapy ketoconazole
-tinea curis - -jock itch. dermatophyte infection in groin (used topical agents
or oral antifungals)
-tinea pedis - -athletes foot treat with miconazole or clotrimazole (pedis) or
aluminum sub acetate soaks
-tinea unguium - -onychomycosis ( persistent fungal infection affecting the
toe nails and fingernails caused by dermatophytes. treated with oral
antifungals
-tinea vesicolor - -fungal infection of skin caused by yeast, treated with
topical selenium sulfide, topical antifungals
Exam 2024
primary lesion - -lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
-lesion - -a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage thru injury
or disease
-secondary lesion - -lesion that either changes impression over time or
occurs when a primary lesion is scratched it may be infected
-macule - -circumscribed flat area; different color and texture from
surrounding tissue, <1cm
ex.) ephelides (freckles), petechia, flat nevi (moles)
-patch - -a large macule; >1cm
ex.) mongolian spot, Cafe, au lair spot
-papule - -Small solid elevated lesion; <1cm
ex.) bug bite, elevated nevus (mole) or verruca (wart)
-plaque - -elevation of skin; >1cm; example psoriasis lesion
-pustule - -a visible accumulation of purulent fluid under skin; <1cm;
examples acne and impetigo
-vesicle - -a circumscribed elevation of skin contains "SEROUS FLUID:
<1cm; examples, herpes simples, varicella, shingles
-nodule - -solid mass of skin, is elevated or palpated >1cm; often extends
deeper into dermis: examples xanthoma and fibroma
-bulla - -blister, circumscribed elevation containing fluid >1cm , extends
only into epidermis, examples burns, superficial blister, contact dermatitis
-wheal - -elevated white or pink compressible papule or plaque, a red, axon-
mediated flare often surround it, commonly associated with allergic reaction,
examples PPD test and mosquito bites
-cyst - -any closed cavity or sac; contains fluid or semisolid material, normal
or abnormal epithelium. example sebaceous cyst
-Abscess - -a localized collection of purulent fluid in a cavity formed by
disintegration or necrosis of tissues >1cm
,-tumor - -"MASS: > few cm in diameter; firm or soft; benign or malignant
-configuration: annular - -circular, begins in center and spreads to periphery
-configuration: confluent - -lesions run together
-configuration: grouped - -lesion cluster
-configuration: gyrate - -twisted, coiled, spiral and snake like
-configuration: linear - -scratch, streak, line stripe
-configuration: polycyclic - -annular lesions merge
-configuration: solitary or discrete - -individual and distinct lesions that
remain separate
-configuration: target (iris) - -resembles iris of eye; lesion with concentric
rings of color
-configuration: zosteriform - -linear arrangement along nerve route
-comedones - -open are called black heads (openings capped with a
blackened skin debris); and closed are called white head (obstructed)
-acne - -can be comedones, pustules, papules (pimples and zits), cysts,
nodules and scaring
-nonpharmacological management of acne - -wash several times daily with
soap and water; avoid topical oil based; use oil free cleansers and
moisterizers
-pharmacological management of acne - -comedolytic agents: benzoyl
peroxice, salicylic acid, topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin,
tetracycline and metronidazole for rosacea). May consider oral antibiotics
and oral contraceptives
-folliculitis - -inflammation of hair follicle; common cause staphylococci
-furuncle - -"boil" localized infection in hair follicle, caused by staph
-carbuncle - ->furuncle; may be necrotizing, staph
-cellulitis - -most common causes: out patients strep ; inpatient: gram
negative (ecoli, klebsiels, psuedomonsa, enterbacter, staph aureus and strep
, -MRSA - -trimethoprm-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim); doxy, clindamycin
-group a strep - -bactrim + beta lactam (PCN, amoxicillin , keflex) or
doxy/inocycline +beta lactam or clindamycin
-erysipelas - -usually caused by strep, rapid progression of an
erythematous, warm indurated area (looks like sunburn,)
-hidradenitis supparativa - -staph infection common in groin or axilla ;
abscess formation common
-impetigo - -usually caused by staph, primary lesion is thin walled vesicle
that breaks easily and honey colored crust at edge; satelite lesions appear
and spread to remote areas of skin
-paronychia - -staph around nail fold
-candida balanitis - -inflammation of superficial tissues of penile head
caused by candida albicans : managed by steroids, miconazole, clotrimazole
or fluconazole
-candida intertrigo - -irruption of the fold of skin in warm, moist body areas;
use drying agents like talc, cornstarch, topical antifungals, oral antifungals
-tinea capitus - -dermatophyte infection of scalp caused by trichophyton;
managed with selenium shampoo, oral terbinafine, fluconanzole
-tinea corporis - -dermatophyte infection caused by trichomphyton or
microsporum; managed with topical antifungals, severe axes systemic
therapy ketoconazole
-tinea curis - -jock itch. dermatophyte infection in groin (used topical agents
or oral antifungals)
-tinea pedis - -athletes foot treat with miconazole or clotrimazole (pedis) or
aluminum sub acetate soaks
-tinea unguium - -onychomycosis ( persistent fungal infection affecting the
toe nails and fingernails caused by dermatophytes. treated with oral
antifungals
-tinea vesicolor - -fungal infection of skin caused by yeast, treated with
topical selenium sulfide, topical antifungals
