NFPT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, COMPLETE SOLUTION

NFPT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, COMPLETE SOLUTION Ligament Fibrous tissue that hold joints together. less elastic than tendons. Tendons Connects muscle to bone. Formed from fibrous tissue. Much stronger than muscle. Cartilage Covers the end of each bone Synovial Fluid thin film of slippery fluid that separate cartilage. Flexion and Extension Flexion: bending of joint that decreases the angle. Extension: straightening of a joint that increases the angle. Circumduction circular movement of the joint. Ex. arm circles Later flexion side bends Eversion and Inversion Eversion: rotating foot so the sole of the foot points away from the other. Inversion: sole of the foot points toward the other. Lateral Rotation and Medial Rotation Lateral: rotating limb away from the center of the body. Medial Rotation: rotating limb toward the center of the body. Retraction and Protraction Retraction: posterior (toward the back of the body) movement of the arm at the shoulder. scapula pinches. Protraction: anterior movement (toward the front of the body) of the arm at the shoulder. scapula separates. 3 Main Classifications of Joints 1) Ligamentous: immovable. Between bones of the skull. 2) Cartilaginous: slightly moveable. discs between spinal vertebrae. 3) Synovial: highly movable. Ball and socket, Pivot. Shoulder Complex Sternoclavicular (SC): saddle type Acromioclavicular (AC): gliding Glenohumeral (GH): ball and socket, multi axial movement Rotator Cuff Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Chest Muscles Pectoralis Major: Adduction and flexion of the humerus. Pectoralis Minor: Depress and protracts the scapula. Shoulder Muscles Deltoids: abduction of the humerus; medial rotation of the humerus. Forearm Muscles (Posterior, Superficial/Intermediate) Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Upper Arm Triceps Muscles Lateral Head Long Head Medial Head MF: Elbow extension Lower Back Muscles Erector Spinae (upper spine part)- made up of several muscles that allow for flexion and extension. Main muscle group of the lower back. MF: Lumbar extension Iliac Crest (lower back muscle) Thoracolumbar Fascia (side muscle) Latissimus Dorsi (Lats) Latissimus Dorsi (Lats) MF: Extension, internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder joint. Teres Major MF: Extension, internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder. Rhomboids (Upper Back) Rhomboids (major, minor) MF: Retraction of scapula Trapezius (Upper Back) Superior Trap: upward rotation, elevation; Bilaterally-cervical spine extension; unilaterally- cervical spine lateral flexion, cervical spine rotation. Middle Trap: retraction Inferior Trap: Depression, downward rotation. Hamstrings Biceps Femoris Semitendinosis Semimembranosus MF: flexion of the knee and aids in hip extension Glutes Gluteus Medius (under gluteal fascia) Gluteus Maximus MF: Stabilization of the pelvis. Functions primarily for hip extension. Neck Sternocleidomastoid Shoulder Deltoids (made up of three par