REHS/RS Exam Questions| With 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified | Graded 2024/2025.

REHS/RS Exam Questions| With 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified | Graded 2024/2025. The mission of public health - Correct Answer-Fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy. The aim of public health - Correct Answer-Is to generate public interest in health by applying scientific and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health as an organized community of professionals. The core functions of public health agencies at all levels of government. - Correct Answer-Assessment, policy development and assurance. Who (and when) developed the framework for what is known as the 10 essentials Public Health Services? - Correct Answer-The Core Public Health Functions steering committee What are the 10 Essential Public Health Services? - Correct Answer-monitor health diagnose and investigate inform, educate and empower mobilize community parternships develop policies and plans enforce laws and regulations link people to needed personal health services assure a competent workforce evaluate research Which ES are tied to assessment? - Correct Answer-Monitor Health Diagnose and investigate Which ES are tied to policy development? - Correct Answer-Inform, educate, empower Mobilize community partnerships Develop policies Which ES are tied to assurance? - Correct Answer-Enforce laws link to/provide care assure competent workforce evaluate Which ES is tied to system management? - Correct Answer-Research Objectives in public and private health practices. - Correct Answer-health maintenance prevention and treatment of disease REHS/RS Exam Questions| With 100% Correct Answers | Updated & Verified | Graded 2024/2025 What factors drive EHS decision making? - Correct Answer-Crises emerging public health risks concerns of organized interest groups economics prevailing social and political conditions Three forces that help shape the future of the EH profession. - Correct Answer-Climate change and resulting ecosystem changes and natural disasters Population growth and the global rise in standard of living resulting in faster deterioration of the natural environment Novel or pharmaceutical-resistant pathogens A human's first line of defense against disease. - Correct Answer-Environmental management What relationship is the RS/REHS responsible for? - Correct Answer-The relationship of the environment to the public's health. What is the essence of environmental health? - Correct Answer-The anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control (AREC) of hazards that can affect human health. How does a RS/REHS advance the public's health? - Correct Answer-Weighing the complexities of social and economic factors, regulatory and legal considerations, and resolve problems in a meaningful manner. What are the key steps in ensuring that compliance with the laws, codes and policies occurs? - Correct Answer-Plan reviews and the issuance of permits and licenses to consumers and commercial establishments. Roles and responsibilities of the REHS/RS - Correct Answer-perform site assessments interpret architectural plans and blueprints inspect during construction to determine the degree of compliance know the laws regulating permits and licenses recommend necessary revisions for all plans What are information collection tools that allow the REHS/RS to assess how well an operation, procedure, installation or similar activity is currently performing compared with established standards? - Correct Answer-Inspections/investigations What are established standards? - Correct Answer-laws regulations codes ordinances guidelines Inspections - Correct Answer-Typically done at the request of the operator or contractor To fulfill permit or licensing requirements In response to a complainant As part of a survey tool Investigations - Correct Answer-Drill down deeper in the process through reviewing documents, interviewing staff or through collecting samples that are usually not taken on a routine inspection. What is demonstrated/relayed by the REHS/RS setting the example during inspections? - Correct Answer-Demonstrated competency and relayed important EH and safety information to the person in charge was well as employees. What activities effectively set priorities during an inspection? - Correct Answer-Establish an open dialogue with the person in charge In depth discussion on the facility's operations so it is understood what is being inspected. Address any outstanding or previous recurring violations with the PIC Conduct a quick walk through Why are open ended questions essential? - Correct Answer-They promote dialogue, yield more valuable insights and are not answered by a simple yes or no. What is made more apparent if violations are pointed out during the inspection? - Correct Answer-The importance of code interventions and violations related to protecting people and the environment from risk factors. This is easily done if the PIC accompanies the inspector throughout the inspection. What is the result of communicating the public health rationale behind regulations? - Correct Answer-The PIC is left with a clear understanding of why active managerial control of environmental health issues must be fully integrated into the day-to-day operations of the business. What type of communication is conductive to risk based philosophy? - Correct Answeropen dialogue An effective risk based inspection is dependent on what? - Correct Answer-The inspector's ability to maintain two way communication throughout the process of assessing behaviors, processes and procedures that occur in the establishment. Compliance and enforcement - Correct Answer-Essential elements of a regulatory program Encompass all voluntary and regulatory enforcement actions taken to achieve compliance with regulations. Why is Regulatory followup needed? - Correct Answer-A lack of follow-up signals to the PIC that the violation items noted during the inspection were not important. Voluntary corrections by the PIC can include? - Correct Answer-on site corrections at the time of inspection risk control plans remedial training These can lead to long term compliance Involuntary enforcement can include? - Correct Answer-Writing warning letters reinspections citations administrative fines hearings permit suspensions permit revocations Compliance and enforcement intervention strategies fall into two categories. - Correct Answer-those designed to achieve immediate on-site correction those designed to achieve long term compliance On site corrections - Correct Answer-Intended to achieve immediate corrective action for out of control processes and procedures that pose a serious and immediate danger to the public during the inspection. When is on site corrections necessary? - Correct Answer-When it is essential to consumer protection and regulatory credibility that any out of control processes or procedures be corrected. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - Correct Answer-A written process that provides consistent guidance to employees within an organization as to how they should properly complete a given task in a uniform manner. What does the SOP provide to the employees? - Correct Answer-Detailed steps and tools necessary to complete the task. If they are written well the task can be completed without the oversight of a supervisor. Following SOPs ensures what? - Correct Answer-Quality, efficiency and safety criteria are met each time the task is performed. Closing conference - Correct Answer-Is between the inspector and the person in charge. It should include a detailed discussion of the operation's plans for correcting violations found during the inspection. Malfeasance - Correct Answer-Doing of an act that is wrongful and that is known to be wholly unauthorized by the official. Misfeasance - Correct Answer-Doing of an authorized act in an unauthorized manner. Nonfeasance - Correct Answer-The failure to perform an official duty without sufficient excuse. Active Immunity - Correct Answer-Results when exposure to a disease organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease. Also classified as natural or acquired. Passive immunity - Correct Answer-Provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system. Lag phase - Correct Answer-Cells are gearing up for the next phase of growth. The number of cells does not change during the lag phase; however, cells grow larger and are metabolically active, synthesizing proteins needed to grow within the medium. Agent - Correct Answer-Infectious microorganism or pathogen: a virus, bacterium, parasite, or other microbe. Mode of transmission - Correct Answer-Means by which the agent goes from the source to the host. Carrier - Correct Answer-Person in whom organisms are present and may be multiplying, but who shows no clinical response to their presence. Morbidity - Correct Answer-The state of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease or condition. The amount of disease in a population. Chronic Disease - Correct Answer-Conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both. Acute Disease - Correct Answer-A disease or disorder that lasts a short time, comes on rapidly, and is accompanied by distinct symptoms. Mortality - Correct Answer-Related to the number of deaths caused by the health event under investigation. Demographic data - Correct Answer-Socioeconomic information expressed statistically including employment, education, income, marriage rates, birth and death rates, and more. Pandemic - Correct Answer-Event in which a disease spreads across several countries and affects a large number of people. Endemic - Correct Answer-The constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area Epidemic - Correct Answer-An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area. Physical Factors - Correct Answer-The factors in the physical environment that are important to health include harmful substances, such as air pollution or proximity to toxic sites (the focus of classic environmental epidemiology); access to various health-related resources (e.g., healthy or unhealthy foods, recreational resources, medical care); and community design and the "built environment" (e.g., land use mix, street connectivity, transportation systems). Frequency - Correct Answer-Measures that are used to characterize the occurrence of health events in a population. A rate of measure with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time. Port of Entry - Correct Answer-The manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host. It must provide access to tissues in which the pathogen can multiply or a toxin can act. Growth Phase - Correct AnswerPrevalence - Correct Answer-The proportion of a population with a disease or a particular condition at a specific point in time (point prevalence) or over a specified period of time (period prevalence). Host - Correct Answer-The human who can get the disease Reservoir - Correct Answer-The habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies. Reservoirs include humans, animals, and the environment. The reservoir may or may not be the source from which an agent is transferred to a host. What are the types of epidemiological studies? - Correct Answer-descriptive or analytic Descriptive epidemiology - Correct Answer-Classifications such as person, place and time for acute and chronic disease trasmission Portals of exposure and exit from a rservoir - Correct Answer-respiratory tract, genitourinary, alimentary, skin, in utero Direct transmission processes and means - Correct Answer-Skin-to-skin, person-toperson and aerosol or droplet transmission Indirect transmission - Correct Answer-The transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles) or animate intermediaries (vectors). Vehicle - Correct Answer-inanimate objects vectors - Correct Answer-animate intermediaries Some general factors of resistance - Correct Answer-intact skin, gastric juices, diarrhea, normal bacterial flora and the cough reflex Specific factors of resistance - Correct Answer-Leukoctyes, serum factors and the immune system, including both active and passive immunity Triad model for infectious diseases - Correct Answer-host, agent, environment Strategic planning - Correct Answer-Identifies an organization's strengths and weaknesses and recommends actions necessary to reach its most desirable future-that is, its mission and vision. Mission statement - Correct Answer-Formalizes the purpose and objectives of the organization. Also explains the legal mandate and the organization's responsibilities in resolving specific issues. Elements of strategic planning - Correct Answer-values, goals, objectives, strategies, plan evaluation and other related principles. What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children under five years age? - Correct Answer-Haempophilus influenzae type B How is "giardiasis" usually transmitted to others? - Correct Answer-person-to-person transfer of cysts from the feces of the infected individual. Which of the following duties of state and local health agencies is focused to protect the public's health and welfare? - Correct Answer-Regulatory responsibilities Which of the following is a measure of the amount of light scattered by particles suspended in a water test sample? - Correct Answer-Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) What is an epidemic? - Correct Answer-The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness clearly in excess of expectancy. What portal of entry should a field sanitarian protect to avoid contracting Lyme disease? - Correct Answer-Skin Swimmer's itch is a common name for which of the following diseases? - Correct Answer-Schistosomiasis What contributes least to the emergence of a new infectious disease? - Correct Answerheat disinfection Listeriosis is commonly associated with - Correct Answer-contaminated food Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by infection with - Correct Answer-escherichia coli O157:H7 The basic principles of disease control include - Correct Answer-Control of disease source, mode of transmission and understanding susceptibility. What accurately describes an endemic? - Correct Answer-Constant presence of an illness. The interval between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of the first symptom - Correct Answer-Incubation period The event where an environmental health specialist receives a cash payment from a restaurant operator in order to receive a passing restaurant inspection score. - Correct Answer-Malfeasance The event where an environmental health manager trains environmental health specialists on the operation of environmental probe thermometers. In the interest of time, the manager omits a training section on safe sheathing of the thermometer and subsequently an environmental health specialist punctures their finger and injures themselves. - Correct Answer-Nonfeasance The event where an environmental health specialist informs vector control staff to perform "landing counts" on their skin in a know mosquito breeding ground which is confirmed to be positive with West Nile virus. - Correct Answer-Misfeasance Vehicleborne, vectorborne or airborne - Correct Answer-Indirect mode of transmission Equal protection - Correct Answer-Right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights requiring the comparable treatment of people and situations. It guides governmental actions in not burdening or benefiting people differently without reasonable grounds. Due process - Correct Answer-The necessary procedural requirements that government agencies must follow to act against parties in violation of applicable laws. Law - Correct Answer-A binding legal requirement imposed by a governmental unit. Statutes - Correct Answer-Laws enacted by either the state or federal legislature. Ordinances - Correct Answer-Laws enacted by local elected officials, such as in municipalities and counties. Regulations or rules - Correct Answer-Laws enacted by regulatory agencies, also known as administrative agencies, at the local, state or federal levels. Jurisdiction - Correct Answer-Concept that federal organizations enforce federal laws, state agencies enforce state statutes and regulations and local health departments enforce local laws. License or permit - Correct Answer-Gives permission to engage in a legally restricted activity. The purpose of limiting an activity - Correct Answer-To protect public welfare that to economically benefit those engaged in that activity by restricting competition. Litigation - Correct Answer-A civil action to settle a dispute in a court of law. Arbitration - Correct Answer-Alternative to litigation. Usually less expensive approach to settling a civil dispute. It involves the services of a disinterested person out of court in a binding settlement. Mediation - Correct Answer-Nonbinding settlement between the interested parties. Administrative hearings - Correct Answer-Either formal or informal allowing both parties the opportunity to express and clarify their positions. They are information gathering and nonadversarial. Administrative order or enforcement/abatement order - Correct Answer-A legal document from a state or federal agency directing an individual, business or agency to correct or stop an activity.