NASM Key Terms Latest Complete Solution Guide Question And Answers.

Chapter 1 - correct answer Deconditioned - correct answer A state of lost physical fitness which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability. Muscle imbalance - correct answer Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Musculoskeletal system - correct answer The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body. Obesity - correct answer The condition of being considerably overweight; a person who has a BMI of at least 30 or is at least 30 pounds over the recommended weight for his or her height. Scope of practice - correct answer The actions, procedures, and processes that a professional is allowed to undertake in keeping with the terms of the professional's license or credential. Chapter 2 - correct answer Best practices - correct answer Professional procedures that are considered to be correct, safe, or most effective. Continuing education. - correct answer Any of a variety of course offerings that serve the purpose to keeping professionals up to date with their knowledge and skills. Continuing education unit (CEU) - correct answer A measure used in continuing education courses that is designed for professionals to maintain a certification or licensure. Mentor - correct answer A trusted advisor in a specific area. Special population - correct answer Individuals who will require modifications or specialized training. Chapter 3 - correct answer Adduction - correct answer A body segment is moving toward the midline of the body. Anatomic position - correct answer Standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the heads face forward. Biomechanics - correct answer The study of how force affect a living body. Concentric activation - correct answer The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening length Corrective exercise - correct answer The programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction, develops a plan of action, and implements a corrective strategy as a part of an exercise training program. Eccentric function - correct answer Action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction. Extension - correct answer A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases. Flexion - correct answer A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases. Integrated function - correct answer The coordination of muscles to produce, reduce, and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement. Internal rotation - correct answer Rotation of a limb or body segment toward the midline of the body. Isolated function - correct answer A muscle's primary function. A muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment. Isometric activation - correct answer The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while maintaining a constant length. Kinesiology - correct answer The study of human movement. Multiplanar - correct answer Occurring in more than one plane of motion Neuromuscular efficiency - correct answer When the neuromuscular system allows agonists, antagonist, and stabilizers to synergistically produce muscle actions in all three planes of motion. Overactive - correct answer Referring to a state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be more active during a joint action. Prone - correct answer Body position where one is lying with the face downward. Shoulder Impingement - correct answer When the space between the bone on top of the shoulder (acromion) and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during arm elevation. Static posture - correct answer The starting point from which an individual moves. Supine - correct answer Body position where one is lying on the back and face is upwards. Tempo - correct answer The amount of time that muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movements. Underactive - correct answer Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be relatively less active during a joint acting. Chapter 4 - correct answer Agonist - correct answer Muscles that works as the prime mover of a joint exercise. Altered reciprocal inhibition - correct answer Process by which a short muscle, a tight muscle, and/or myofascial adhesions in the muscle cause decreased neural drive of its functional antagonist. Antagonists - correct answer Muscles that oppose the prime mover. Cardiorespiratory system - correct answer System of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Cardiovascular system - correct answer System of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Cumulative injury cycle - correct answer A cycle whereby an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances. Muscle imbalance can lead to more inflammation and the cycle repeats, Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) - correct answer Receptors sensitive to the change in tension of the muscle, and the rate of that change. Kinetic chain - correct answer The combination and interrelation of the actions of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement. Mechanoreceptors - correct answer Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues. Motor behavior - correct answer Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli. Motor control - correct answer How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response. Muscle spindles - correct answer Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle, and the rate of that change. Nervous system - correct answer A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body. Pattern overload - correct answer Repetitive physical activity that moves through the same patterns of motion, placing the same stresses on the body over time. Posture - correct answer Position and bearing of the body for alignment and function of the kinetic chain. Proprioception - correct answer The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movements Reciprocal inhibition - correct answer The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place. Respiratory system - correct answer System of the body composed of the lungs and respiratory passages that collect oxygen from the external environment and transport it to the bloodstream. Stabilizers - correct answer Muscles that minimize unwanted movement while the agonist and synergists work to provide movement at the joint. Structural efficiency - correct answer The structural alignment of the muscular and skeletal systems that allows the body to maintain balance in relation to its center of gravity. Synergistic dominance - correct answer When synergists take over function for a weak inhibited prime movers. Synergists - correct answer Muscles that assist the prime mover in a joint action. Chapter 5 - correct answer Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - correct answer Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body Aerobic metabolism - correct answer Chemical reactions in the body that require the presence of exygen to extract energy from carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. Amino acids - correct answer The building blocks of proteins; composed of a central carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R-group. Anaerobic metabolism - correct answer Chemical reactions in the body that do not require the presence of oxygen to create energy through the combustion of carbohydrates. Blood glucose - correct answer Also referred to as blood sugar the sugar that is transported in the body to supply energy to the body's cells, including fueling the brain and other cells in the body that cannot use fat as a fuel. Calorie - correct answer A scientific unit of energy Chronic disease - correct answer A persistent disease lasting 3 months or longer Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) - correct answer A general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy individuals. Electrolytes - correct answer Minerals in blood and other body fluids that carry an electrical charge. Ergogenic aids - correct answer Supplements used to benefit athletic performance or exercise. First law of thermodynamics - correct answer Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to other Kilocalorie - correct answer A unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories. It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a kilogram or liter of water by 1 degree celsius Lipids - correct answer A group of compounds that includes triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and sterols. Macronutrients - correct answer Nutrients that provide calories Metabolism - correct answer All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body that are required for life. It is the process by which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body. Protein - correct answer Long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Serve several essential functional roles in the body. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - correct answer Estimated amount of a nutrient per day considered necessary for good health. Chapter 6 - correct answer Active - correct answer isolated stretching-Flexibility exercises in which agonists move a limb through a full range of motion, allowing the antagonists to stretch.