UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL EXAM Questions With 100% Correct Answer

When was the major migration out of Africa? - Correct Answer -60ka -modern humans replaced the Neanderthals and robust hominids across the world When did modern humans evolve? - Correct Answer 200,000 years ago modern Homo sapien derived characteristics: - Correct Answer -small, flat face with portruding chin -rounded skull -cranial capacity of at least 1,350cc -less robust post-cranial skeleton -relatively long limbs and shorter trunks why was the modern human less robust? - Correct Answer -relied more on elaborate tools and technological advancements, less on body strength how does modern human behavior compare to that of early hominins? - Correct Answer -much more complex and variable -vast array of specialized tools and techniques to adapt to diverse environments -elaborate and varied symbolic, artistic, and religious behavior -due to large geographic range -ability to accumulate and transmit over successive generations Middle Stone Age (MSA) - Correct Answer -The stone tool industries of sub-Saharan Africa and southern and eastern Asia that existed 250 to 40 kya. -counterpart of the Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) in Europe -varied, but flake tools were manufactured in all of them -large social networks, Llong-distance exchange networks MSA tools - Correct Answer -blades: long, thin stone tools, Mode 4 -symmetrical, leaf-shaped points -microliths: small stone flake, sharp edge on one side and flat on the other, Mode 5 -atlatl: throws spears farther -bone tools -shelters and hearths When did the Middle Stone Age occur? - Correct Answer Later Pleistocene What was change in human behavior caused by? - Correct Answer -increased cognitive ability -cultural innovations, not genetic -technological innovation MSA transition - Correct Answer technological innovation --> more efficient food acquisition --> greater economic surplus --> more economic specialization --> greater symbolic and ritual activity Fossil Evidence for movement out of Africa - Correct Answer -earliest found in China, 120-80ka -no other anatomical modern fossil outside Africa that date to before 63ka - beginning 30ka, wealth of evidence for presence of modern humans across Europe Genetic Evidence for movement out of Africa - Correct Answer 1) modern humans evolved in Africa btw 200-90ka 2) modern humans outside Africa are descended from one or more populations that left Africa btw 120-40ka 3) a small amount of interbreeding occurred btw modern humans and hominins already living in Eurasia (Neanderthals and Denisovans) What kind of DNA does not undergo recombination, thus allowing you to trace it back to a single individual? - Correct Answer 1) DNA on Y chromosom 2) mitochondria DNA from mom 3) short segments of DNA on ordinary chromosomes What does the accumulation of mutations allow us to discover? - Correct Answer -estimate time passed since the MRCA -estimate past population size Relationship between distance from Africa and genetic variation - Correct Answer increased distance from Africa = decreased genetic variation Why does the genetic variation decrease? - Correct Answer - each time people leave a population, they carry with them only a subset of genes present within that population polygyny threshold model - Correct Answer An explanation for polygyny based on the premise