Biology 20 Final Exam Study Guide with 100% Complete Solutions

Biology 20 Final Exam Study Guide with 100% Complete Solutions circulatory system - Answer- transport of gases, sugars, and fluids throughout the body digestive system - Answer- breaks ingested materials into small chemical units lymphatic system - Answer- returns interstitial fluid into the blood respiratory system - Answer- exchanges gases between the environment and the body excretory system - Answer- filters fluids and wastes out of the blood with the kidney immune system - Answer- fights infections and foreign agents in the body microvilli - Answer- microscopic hair-like projections on the villi of a cell that increases the surface area microvilli facilitate the process of - Answer- cellular absorption cellular absorption - Answer- any absorption in the body through means of diffusion or osmosis short, protein, hair-like projections found on the outside of the plasma membrane are called - Answer- cilia, microvilli what is an example of active transport - Answer- the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration where does the production of ATP occur - Answer- mainly the mitochondria, but also in the cytoplasm of a cell if the enzyme in the mitochondria was competitively inhibited with cyanide - Answer- active transport would stop enzyme - Answer- protein function of an enzyme - Answer- change the rates of chemical reactions the enzyme sucrase acts on - Answer- and disaccharide disaccharide - Answer- sugar that can be hydrolysized into two monosaccharide subunits example of disaccharide - Answer- maltose and sucrose monosaccharide - Answer- simple sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars example of monosaccharide - Answer- glucose, fructose, galactose hydrogen cyanide binds to the active site of an enzyme that is part of the pathway that forms ATP in cells; in this way, it prevents the enzyme's activity. hydrogen cyanide is best describes as a - Answer- competitive inhibitor an enzyme promotes a chemical reaction by - Answer- lowering the energy of activation in feedback inhibition, a metabolic pathway is switched off by - Answer- accumulation of the end product catalyst - Answer- a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction, but remains unchanged when the reaction is over most catalysts are - Answer- enzymes a high fever is dangerous to a human because enzymes are - Answer- denatured when enzymes are denatured, it causes the shape of their _____________ to change - Answer- active site why is it bad if the shape of an active site changes - Answer- the enzyme can no longer function at optimum capacity metabolic pathway - Answer- sequence of chemical reactions what controls a metabolic pathway - Answer- enzymes what are the two kinds of processes involved in metabolism - Answer- catabolic and anabolic catabolic process - Answer- larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones anabolic process - Answer- larger molecules are built from smaller molecules the rate of anabolic processes is ___________ than catabolic processes - Answer- faster autotroph - Answer- organism that sustains itself without eating other organisms (survive through photosynthesis and cellular respiration) autotrophs are - Answer- producers