Midterm 1 - Visual Signal Propagation & Reception PT 2/ IAHSS
ADVANCED OFFICER CERTIFICATIONS EXAMS |ACCURATE
TESTING VERSIONS |WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED RATIONALES ANSWERS 2024(NEWEST)
Where are eyes placed on the head for animals that use vision to detect and escape quickly from
predators? - ANSWER-WIDE field of vision so placed on the sides of the head (rabbit) or on eyestalks
raised above the head (crab)
monocular vision (eyes basically function independently with little overlapping fields for binocular vision
(using both eyes together to see))
Define temporal resolution - ANSWER-rate at which a rapidly blinking light is perceived as continuous
Eyes with high (cone/rod) ratios have better temporal resolution than eyes with high (cone/rod) ratios.
Why? - ANSWER-cone, rod, because cones can respond to light and recover much more quickly than
rods
Where are eyes on predatory animals? - ANSWER-front of the head facing forward (large area of overlap
and binocular vision)
Three ways to generate visual pigments with different absorption peaks - ANSWER-use a different
variant of retinal (combined with opsin makes prophyropsin) - shifts the absorption peak of the pigment
up depending on the starting position of the rhodopsin
, changes in the amino acid sequence of the opsin protein - substitutions can shift the peak up or down
and the effects are additive
addition of a colored oil droplet to the photoreceptor (lizards, birds, etc.)
Why do monochromat animals see the world in shades of grey? - ANSWER-living in dark, poorly lit
environments so they need to use all of their photoreceptors for spatial pattern analysis and brightness
contrasts, not color vision
What types of photopigments ("amount") does mammals, honeybees, and pigeons have? - ANSWER-
mammal - dichromatic (blue and green)
honeybees - trichromatic (purple, blue, and green)
pigeons - tetrachromatic (purple (VS), blue (S), green (M), and red (L))
colors in order from very short to long wavelengths
Describe the color opponent theory? Which color pairings are involved? - ANSWER-The mind can only
register the presence of one color of a pair at a time because the two colors oppose one another.
color pairings - red-green complex, the blue-yellow complex, and the black-white complex
What is the most important advantage of color/chromatic vision? On the other hand, what is enhanced
by color vision? - ANSWER-object DETECTION against the background, object RECOGNITION (speed of an
object)
Name the 6 psychological cues that may be combined for distance estimation - ANSWER-1. object size
2. linear perspective
3. aerial perspective
ADVANCED OFFICER CERTIFICATIONS EXAMS |ACCURATE
TESTING VERSIONS |WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED RATIONALES ANSWERS 2024(NEWEST)
Where are eyes placed on the head for animals that use vision to detect and escape quickly from
predators? - ANSWER-WIDE field of vision so placed on the sides of the head (rabbit) or on eyestalks
raised above the head (crab)
monocular vision (eyes basically function independently with little overlapping fields for binocular vision
(using both eyes together to see))
Define temporal resolution - ANSWER-rate at which a rapidly blinking light is perceived as continuous
Eyes with high (cone/rod) ratios have better temporal resolution than eyes with high (cone/rod) ratios.
Why? - ANSWER-cone, rod, because cones can respond to light and recover much more quickly than
rods
Where are eyes on predatory animals? - ANSWER-front of the head facing forward (large area of overlap
and binocular vision)
Three ways to generate visual pigments with different absorption peaks - ANSWER-use a different
variant of retinal (combined with opsin makes prophyropsin) - shifts the absorption peak of the pigment
up depending on the starting position of the rhodopsin
, changes in the amino acid sequence of the opsin protein - substitutions can shift the peak up or down
and the effects are additive
addition of a colored oil droplet to the photoreceptor (lizards, birds, etc.)
Why do monochromat animals see the world in shades of grey? - ANSWER-living in dark, poorly lit
environments so they need to use all of their photoreceptors for spatial pattern analysis and brightness
contrasts, not color vision
What types of photopigments ("amount") does mammals, honeybees, and pigeons have? - ANSWER-
mammal - dichromatic (blue and green)
honeybees - trichromatic (purple, blue, and green)
pigeons - tetrachromatic (purple (VS), blue (S), green (M), and red (L))
colors in order from very short to long wavelengths
Describe the color opponent theory? Which color pairings are involved? - ANSWER-The mind can only
register the presence of one color of a pair at a time because the two colors oppose one another.
color pairings - red-green complex, the blue-yellow complex, and the black-white complex
What is the most important advantage of color/chromatic vision? On the other hand, what is enhanced
by color vision? - ANSWER-object DETECTION against the background, object RECOGNITION (speed of an
object)
Name the 6 psychological cues that may be combined for distance estimation - ANSWER-1. object size
2. linear perspective
3. aerial perspective
