Summary Periodic Table Revision Sheet

The periodic table revision sheet

Group 1 metals
Unusual properties
1. Highly reactive – stored under oil or argon
2. Soft – easily cut
3. Low density – lithium, sodium, potassium less dense than water rest are more dense
4. Melting point decreases down the group
5. Reactivity increases down the group
Normal Properties
1. Conduct electricity – due to sea of delocalised electrons
General equation
Metal + water  metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Reactions of Group 1 metals with water
Lithium
 Reacts slowly
 Exothermic
 Effervescence is observed
 2Li + 2H2O  2LiOH + H2
Sodium
 Reacts vigorously
 Exothermic
 Effervescence is observed
 2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2
Potassium
 Reacts very vigorously
 Exothermic
 Effervescence is observed
 Produces a lilac flame when reacting with water as hydrogen ignites.
 2K + 2H2O  2KOH + H2
Reaction of Sodium with Chlorine
 2Na + Cl2  2NaCl
 A bright yellow flame is produced.

The Halogens
Colours and state of the Halogens at room temperature
Fluorine – pale green/yellow gas
Chlorine – pale green gas
Bromine – red brown liquid
Iodine – dark grey solid
Astatine – black solid
Displacement reactions of halogens
A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen. The melting point increases
down the group. The reactivity decreases down the group.
Colour of the Halogens in Aqueous solution
Chlorine (aq) – green
Bromine (aq) – orange/yellow
Iodine (aq) – brown
Colour of halogens in cyclohexane
Chlorine (aq) – green
Bromine (aq) – orange
Iodine (aq) – purple

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