PC707 - FINAL EXAM (ALL MODULES) QUESTIONS WITH 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED

What is prescriptive authority? - Answer-Legal right to prescribe drugs Is the Physicians Desk Reference a reliable source to use when prescribing drugs? - Answer-No--it is not evidence-based and it is not updated What is the sunshine act? - Answer--part of the affordable care act -limits providers on accepting gifts from pharmaceutical companies -reduces bias What is pharmacology? - Answer--study of the drugs and their actions and effects on living things -legal drugs, illegal drugs, prescription drugs, OTC drugs How does the FDA define drugs that they approve? - Answer--chemicals that have been proved for safety and efficacy What must providers consider when prescribing? - Answer--the dose -the route of administration -indications -side effects of consequence -adverse effects -contraindications -significant drug-drug interactions -appropriate monitoring -treatment of side effects if necessary What is pharmacokinetics? - Answer--how drugs move in the body and what the body does with it How does pharmacokinetics influence prescribing? - Answer--the route -the dosage needed-dosing intervals What are the 4 aspects of pharmacokinetics? - Answer--absorption -distribution -metabolism -excretion What affects bioavailability the most? - Answer-PO administration What is a pro-drug? - Answer--a drug that needs to be metabolized to become "activated" What is the major organ of metabolism? - Answer--Liver -Uses enzymes called "CYPs" -these enzymes can induce or inhibit metabolism What is protein-binding? - Answer--drugs that have a high affinity for proteins will bind with them and therefore become unable to bind to receptor sites -in order to activate receptors they must be free circulating molecules What is the half-life of a drug? - Answer--how long it takes for a drug at its original amount to be reduced by 50% Why is it important to know the half-life of a drug? - Answer--to help determine dosing intervals to maintain therapeutic levels What is the first-pass effect? - Answer--alteration of the drug dose by metabolism before it reaches systemic circulation -only happens with PO medications What are the genetic variances of metabolism? - Answer--poor metabolizers (certain enzymes are little to none) -intermediate metabolizers -extensive metabolizers (NORMAL)-ultra-rapid metabolizers (duplicate genes to make extra enzymes) What is the primary organ of excretion? - Answer-kidneys What are other methods of excretion? - Answer--saliva -sweat -breastmilk -skin -lungs