ATI Med-Surg Cardiovascular Exam Questions and Answers

ATI Med-Surg Cardiovascular Exam Questions and Answers Troponin T - Answer-0.2 ng/mL elevation detectable after MI 3-5 hrs Troponin I - Answer-0.03 ng/mL elevation detectable after MI 3 hrs Myoglobin - Answer-90 mcg/L elevation detectable after MI 2 hrs Echocardiogram - Answer-ultrasound of the heart indications: cardiomyopathy heart failure angina MI lay on LEFT side during procedure, takes 1 hr Stress Testing - Answer-measures workload of the heart and how it tolerates "stress" indications: angina heart failure MI dysrhythmias MAY use drugs (adenosine, dobutamine) FAST 2-4 hrs before ECG nursing test Hemodynamic Monitoring - Answer-the use of pressure monitoring devices to directly measure cardiovascular function indications: serious/critical illness heart failure post coronary artery bypass graft patients ARDS acute kidney injury burn injury trauma injury lay SUPINE or TRENDELENBURG place at phlebostatic axis (4th intercostal space, midaxillary line) Hemodynamic Monitoring Findings - Answer-central venous pressure = 1-8 pulmonary artery systolic = 15-25 pulmonary artery diastolic = 5-15 pulmonary artery wedge pressure = 4-12 mixed venous oxygen saturation = 60-80% Hemodynamic Monitoring Complications - Answer-infection/sepsis - surgical asepsis when changing dressing (mask, sterile globes, maintain sterile fiedl) embolism 0.9% sodium chloride for flushing (NO heparin) Angiography - Answer-a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium indications: unstable angina ECG changes NPO for at least 8 hrs watch for iodine/shellfish ALLERGY assess RENAL function AFTER: maintain bed rest, keep extremity STRAIGHT Angiography Teaching - Answer-no strenous exercise report bleeding restrict lifting (10 lb) anticoagulation therapy (those who have stent placement) Angiography Complications - Answer-cardiac tamponade hematoma formation restenosis of treated vessel retroperitoneal bleeding Vascular Access - Answer-central catheters: - nontunneled percutaneous central catheter - (chemotherapy, blood, antibiotics, TPN)