ASPT EKG Certification Examination Study Guide 2

ASPT EKG Certification Examination Study Guide 2 Atrial tachycardia (fast, different P shapes) Ventricular Tachycardia (tall, wide, bizzare QRS with no P or T waves) Premature Junctional Contraction, PJC (premature beat with no P or inverted P) Type I Second Degree Heart Block (Wenckebach) Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (PR gradually increases and then beat drops out) (different shaped P waves) Junctional Escape Rhythm Atrial Fibrillation (no P wave, or P wave inverted) (wavy line between QRS complexes) Pacemaker beat (vertical line before QRS or P wave) Ventricular Fibrillation (wavy baseline with no P or QRS) Premature Ventricular Contraction, PVC CHF - Congestive Heart Failure (premature beat with wide QRS) "Heart cannot meet demands of the body Can be caused by untreated high blood pressure" Entrance Valves "Tricuspid and Bicuspid Also called AV valves because between atria and ventricles" Semilunar valves Pulmonic and Aortic Size of a fist, pumps blood to all body's cells, located in mediastinum, hollow muscular Heart organ Coronary insufficiency Conduction system Fibrillation Coronary artery flow to heart is not enough to meet the needs of heart Initiates heartbeat and regulates cardiac cycle "Nonsynchronous contraction (cells not working together) Looks and feels like a bag of worms Very dangerous - in ventricles it kills you" Syncope Fainting, caused by slow heartbeat Chordae tendinae Heart Rate Holds the heart valves in place Calculated by counting complexes in 3 or 6 seconds and multiply by 10 or 20 Vagal Tone Parasympathetic tone, decreased heart rate, drop in blood pressure Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Conduction disorder with electrical pathways outside AV node connect atria to ventricles, causes reentrant arrhythmias Automaticity "Cardiac pacemaker cells have it - in SA node, AV junction, purkinje fibers Initiate their own electrical charge" Excitability Conductivity Contractility Irratibility, All cardiac cells have it, respond to external stimulus All cardiac cells have it, can receive an electrical stimulus and transmit it All cardiac cells have it, can contract after receiving an electrical stimulus Sympathetic nervous system "Fight or flight - prepares body for action Increased heart rate, contractility, blood pressure, blood flow to muscles" ALVEOLI Oxygenates the blood with the capillaries AGONAL Less than 20 bpm ARTIFACT "Muscle tremor - fuzzy irregular baseline