ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED 2022-2023
______ in DNA and RNA can lead to error in proteins. - ansMutations
2 Types of nucleic acids: - ans1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
2. RNA (ribonucleic acid)
3 Primary types of chemical bonds: - ans1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Polar
4 Types of Macromolecules - anscarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
A cell that secretes chemicals contain higher levels of what organelle? - ansGolgi
Apparatus
Adenine pairs with ______ in DNA, and with ______ in RNA - ansThymine; uracil
Adipose Tissue - ansConnective tissue in the body that stores fat.
All proteins contain - ansC, H, O and N (Nitrogen)
amine group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
Allele - ansDifferent types or versions of a gene
Amino acids are joined by what bond? - ansPeptide
At the molecular level, carbohydrates contain - ansCarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrate functions in living systems - ans1. storage
2. structure
3. communication/recognition
Carbohydrate monomers tend to end in - ans-ose
Carbohydrate stored in the liver - ansglycogen
Carbohydrates that store energy - ansGlycogen (humans) Amylopectin and Amylose
(plants)
Carbohydrates used in cellular communication - ansGlycoprotein (immunity) &
Glycolipids (cell membrane)
Centromere - ansArea where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
chitin - anscarbohydrate used by fungi to add structure to their cell wall and by
insects/anthropods in their exoskeleton
,ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED 2022-2023
Chromatid - ansone of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome joined at
the centromere containing DNA + Protein.
Codon - ansthree-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single
amino acid
Combination Inheritance - ansDifferent alleles expressed at the same time (AB)
Dehydration Synthesis - ansA chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond
to each other with the removal of a water molecule (endothermic)- how macromolecules
form
DNA - ansDeoxyribonucleic acid that has a double helix structure, deoxyribose sugar
backbone, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases
DNA contains the sugar ____________, while RNA contains the sugar ___________. -
ansdeoxyribose; ribose
Endothermic Reaction - ansA reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
Enzyme - ansProtein that increases reaction rate in the body
Every monomer of nucleic acid contain 3 things: - ans1. sugar
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogen containing base
Examples of globular (hydrophilic proteins) - ans1. Enzymes
2. Antibodies
3. Hemoglobin
Fibrous, hydrophobic protein that is the main structural tissue in the body - ansCollagen
Functions of proteins in the body - ans1. Provide structure
2. Provide immunity
3. Provide transport
4. Increase reaction rate (enzymes).
Gene - ansGroup of DNA base pairs that encode a protein
Gene - ansSection of DNA that encodes a protein
Genotype versus phenotype - ansGenotype
Genetic makeup a person inherits
Phenotype
Characteristic or trait the person eventually has
,ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED 2022-2023
Observed physically
Glucose - ansA very common carbohydrate monomer that exists as a hexose (meaning
it has 6 carbons in it).
Glycoprotein - ansA protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it,
used by the human body for cellular recognition. Oligosaccharide with amino acids
attached that attaches to a cell's lipid membrane in cellular recognition; antibody,
immunoglobulin
How are carbohydrates stored in the liver? - ansas glycogen
How are hydrophobic proteins used in the body? - ansProvide structure; keratin &
collagen
How many amino acids exist? - ans20
Hydrolysis - ansa chemical reaction that adds water to a macromolecule in order to
break its covalent bond; key component in digestion
Hydrophilic proteins in the body are known as - ansGlobular proteins
Hydrophobic proteins have a function of providing ________ & are found where? -
ansstructure; keratin (hair and nails), and collagen (skin)
Incomplete Dominance - ansCases in which one allele is not completely dominant over
another, in which the heterozygous organism expresses a third trait
Independent Assortment - ansthe random distribution of genes into gametes during
meiosis
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are - anshydrophobic
Lipids have 2 important functions - ans1. Storing energy
2. Providing structure
Macromolecules are also known as - ansbiopolymers
Mendelian Inheritance - ansInheritance of genes which follow predictive ratios of
dominant/recessive alleles.
3:1 Monohybrid
9:3:3:1 Dihybrid
Monohybrid Cross - ansA cross between organisms examining one pair of traits.
Expected ratio if Dominant/Recessive= 3:1
, ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED 2022-2023
Monomers - anssmall molecular building blocks of polymers
Muscle cells contain a lot of which organelle? - ansMitochondrion
On a molecular level, lipids contain a lot of - anshydrogen and carbon
Phospholipids - ansUsed by cells, particularly in cell membranes, to provide structure
Plants use carbohydrates in the form of - anscellulose
Polygenic Inheritance - ansAn additive effect of two or more genes on a single
phenotypic character.
Polypeptides - ansa polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Process of creating mRNA from DNa - anstranscription
Process of encoding proteins - ansTranslation
Protein with hydrophobic ends that transport material in and out of the cell that is used
in cellular communication - ansMembrane protein
Purines - ansBases with a double-ring structure.
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines - anscytosine and thymine (uracil in RNA)
RNA carries information from the nucleus to the _______ where proteins are made -
ansribosome
RNA is unstable under ____ conditions. - ansalkaline
Simplest unit of a carbohydrate - ansmonosaccharide
Simplest unit of a protein - ansamino acid
Simplest unit of nucleic acids - ansnucleotide
Smallest unit of a lipid - ansfatty acid
The 2 major classes of proteins are - ansHormones and Enzymes
The breakdown of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - ansExothermic reaction
called hydrolysis
______ in DNA and RNA can lead to error in proteins. - ansMutations
2 Types of nucleic acids: - ans1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
2. RNA (ribonucleic acid)
3 Primary types of chemical bonds: - ans1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Polar
4 Types of Macromolecules - anscarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
A cell that secretes chemicals contain higher levels of what organelle? - ansGolgi
Apparatus
Adenine pairs with ______ in DNA, and with ______ in RNA - ansThymine; uracil
Adipose Tissue - ansConnective tissue in the body that stores fat.
All proteins contain - ansC, H, O and N (Nitrogen)
amine group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
Allele - ansDifferent types or versions of a gene
Amino acids are joined by what bond? - ansPeptide
At the molecular level, carbohydrates contain - ansCarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrate functions in living systems - ans1. storage
2. structure
3. communication/recognition
Carbohydrate monomers tend to end in - ans-ose
Carbohydrate stored in the liver - ansglycogen
Carbohydrates that store energy - ansGlycogen (humans) Amylopectin and Amylose
(plants)
Carbohydrates used in cellular communication - ansGlycoprotein (immunity) &
Glycolipids (cell membrane)
Centromere - ansArea where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
chitin - anscarbohydrate used by fungi to add structure to their cell wall and by
insects/anthropods in their exoskeleton
,ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED 2022-2023
Chromatid - ansone of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome joined at
the centromere containing DNA + Protein.
Codon - ansthree-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single
amino acid
Combination Inheritance - ansDifferent alleles expressed at the same time (AB)
Dehydration Synthesis - ansA chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond
to each other with the removal of a water molecule (endothermic)- how macromolecules
form
DNA - ansDeoxyribonucleic acid that has a double helix structure, deoxyribose sugar
backbone, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases
DNA contains the sugar ____________, while RNA contains the sugar ___________. -
ansdeoxyribose; ribose
Endothermic Reaction - ansA reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
Enzyme - ansProtein that increases reaction rate in the body
Every monomer of nucleic acid contain 3 things: - ans1. sugar
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogen containing base
Examples of globular (hydrophilic proteins) - ans1. Enzymes
2. Antibodies
3. Hemoglobin
Fibrous, hydrophobic protein that is the main structural tissue in the body - ansCollagen
Functions of proteins in the body - ans1. Provide structure
2. Provide immunity
3. Provide transport
4. Increase reaction rate (enzymes).
Gene - ansGroup of DNA base pairs that encode a protein
Gene - ansSection of DNA that encodes a protein
Genotype versus phenotype - ansGenotype
Genetic makeup a person inherits
Phenotype
Characteristic or trait the person eventually has
,ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED 2022-2023
Observed physically
Glucose - ansA very common carbohydrate monomer that exists as a hexose (meaning
it has 6 carbons in it).
Glycoprotein - ansA protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it,
used by the human body for cellular recognition. Oligosaccharide with amino acids
attached that attaches to a cell's lipid membrane in cellular recognition; antibody,
immunoglobulin
How are carbohydrates stored in the liver? - ansas glycogen
How are hydrophobic proteins used in the body? - ansProvide structure; keratin &
collagen
How many amino acids exist? - ans20
Hydrolysis - ansa chemical reaction that adds water to a macromolecule in order to
break its covalent bond; key component in digestion
Hydrophilic proteins in the body are known as - ansGlobular proteins
Hydrophobic proteins have a function of providing ________ & are found where? -
ansstructure; keratin (hair and nails), and collagen (skin)
Incomplete Dominance - ansCases in which one allele is not completely dominant over
another, in which the heterozygous organism expresses a third trait
Independent Assortment - ansthe random distribution of genes into gametes during
meiosis
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are - anshydrophobic
Lipids have 2 important functions - ans1. Storing energy
2. Providing structure
Macromolecules are also known as - ansbiopolymers
Mendelian Inheritance - ansInheritance of genes which follow predictive ratios of
dominant/recessive alleles.
3:1 Monohybrid
9:3:3:1 Dihybrid
Monohybrid Cross - ansA cross between organisms examining one pair of traits.
Expected ratio if Dominant/Recessive= 3:1
, ATI TEAS 7 BIOLOGY REVIEW UPDATED 2022-2023
Monomers - anssmall molecular building blocks of polymers
Muscle cells contain a lot of which organelle? - ansMitochondrion
On a molecular level, lipids contain a lot of - anshydrogen and carbon
Phospholipids - ansUsed by cells, particularly in cell membranes, to provide structure
Plants use carbohydrates in the form of - anscellulose
Polygenic Inheritance - ansAn additive effect of two or more genes on a single
phenotypic character.
Polypeptides - ansa polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Process of creating mRNA from DNa - anstranscription
Process of encoding proteins - ansTranslation
Protein with hydrophobic ends that transport material in and out of the cell that is used
in cellular communication - ansMembrane protein
Purines - ansBases with a double-ring structure.
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines - anscytosine and thymine (uracil in RNA)
RNA carries information from the nucleus to the _______ where proteins are made -
ansribosome
RNA is unstable under ____ conditions. - ansalkaline
Simplest unit of a carbohydrate - ansmonosaccharide
Simplest unit of a protein - ansamino acid
Simplest unit of nucleic acids - ansnucleotide
Smallest unit of a lipid - ansfatty acid
The 2 major classes of proteins are - ansHormones and Enzymes
The breakdown of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - ansExothermic reaction
called hydrolysis
